Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy based voltage modeling of lithium Thionyl Chloride (Li∖SOCl2) primary battery at arbitrary discharge

Primary batteries possess high energy densities that is beneficial to numerous important applications where recharging is impossible or impractical. The ability to accurately predict the voltage behavior of the battery under certain discharge regime is crucial in battery selection. In this work, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy based approach is applied to predict the voltage of Lithium Thionyl Chloride (Li/SOCl2) primary battery under two discharge conditions. The predicted voltage responses show high accuracy with minor deviations related to the passivation phenomena at the anode. Relevant corrections were made to improve the accuracy of the simulated voltages. The modeling method shows accurate voltage predictions at all states of charge. Moreover, the method was used to predict the voltage of Lithium Manganese Dioxide (Li/MnO2) primary battery. The results show decent match with the experimental values demonstrating the applicability of the method to other chemistries of primary batteries.