Department of Archaeology
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Item Open Access The "Aynalı Martini": the Ottoman Army’s first modern rifle(Peeters Publishers, 2018) Bennett, JulianThe Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 is generally recognised as the most calamitous of the several wars fought by the ‘modernised’ Ottoman Army of the late 19th century as it ended with the Russian army at the gates of Constantinople in the west, and in occupation of Erzurum in the east. The only major Ottoman feat of arms in that campaign was the ‘Plevna delay’, where between July and December 1877, the garrison of Plevna, under Nuri Osman Paşa, resisted two major attacks by Russian forces and a third with their Romanian allies, thus preventing the Russians from advancing on Constantinople until the following year. The successful defence of Plevna was to a great extent due to the defensive earthworks built there by the Ottoman garrison and which resisted all attempts at destruction through artillery fire. But the main factor in the ‘Plevna delay’ was the wholescale employment by the Ottoman garrison of the Peabody-Martini rifle, a weapon that had only recently entered the Ottoman infantry inventory. While the story of the Siege of Plevna itself within the wider context of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 is well known among those interested in the military affairs of the period, the history and nature of the rifle that played so significant a role there - its biography, as it were - is not well known outside of specialist military reference works, a vacuum this article seeks to fill.Item Open Access Laura Nasrallah, Annemarie Luijendijk and Charalambos Bakırtzıs (eds), from roman to early Christian Cyprus(Published by Cambridge University Press, 2022-01-28) Gülsevinç, F.; Zavagno, LucaItem Embargo Officials and administration in the hittite world(The University of Chicago Press, 2023-10-01) Gerçek, İlgi N.Item Open Access A Prefect of the ala I Ulpia Dromedariorum Palmyrenorum milliaria from Attaleia? IGR 3.777 re-assessed(Suna ve İnan Kıraç Akdeniz Medeniyetleri Araştırma Merkezi, 2009) Bennett, J.Item Open Access Recent discoveries (2015-2016) at Cadir Hoyuk on the north central plateau(Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten, 2017) Steadman, S. R.; Şerifoğlu, T. E.; McMahon, G.; Selover, S.; Hackley, L. D.; Yıldırım, B.; Lauricella, A. J.; Arbuckle, B. S.; Adcock, S. E.; Tardio, K.; Dinç, E.; Cassis, M.The Cadir Höyük mound is located in the Yozgat Province, approximately 16 km from the modern town of Sorgun. The site has been under excavation by members of the present team since 1994, following an intensive surface survey in 1993. The earliest documented occupation of the mound dates to 5200 cal. BC; the site was abandoned at some point in the 12th-13th centuries CE. Since 2012 the Cadir team has investigated virtually every period represented on the site, from the Late Chalcolithic through the Byzantine periods. The 2015 and 2016 seasons of work, the focus of the present article, continued this trend of complete coverage, with particular focus on the prehistoric (Late Chalcolithic) and Byzantine occupation. The second and first millennia BCE were also investigated, and an overview of some of these results are offered here. The last two seasons have been particularly helpful in allowing us to carefully phase the Late Chalcolithic town, which has manifested into an "upper" and "lower" component. The settlement phases demonstrate a changing strategy of town planning over the course of the fourth millennium. These two seasons have also yielded substantial results in our Byzantine occupation, allowing a better understanding of the architecture associated with the defensive wall that rings the mound summit, and insight into the occupation of the site in the centuries spanning the early second millennium CE.