Browsing by Subject "timing"

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Open Access
The effect of the timing of pre-reading activities on students' reading comprehension
(2009) Gümüş, Pelin
This study investigated (a) the effects of the timing of pre-reading activities on students’ reading comprehension when they were conducted either one day before reading a text or immediately before reading a text, and (b) the students’ attitudes to the effectiveness of pre-reading activities with respect to their timing. Two preintermediate and two intermediate classes participated in the study. The study used a within-subjects design in which all four classes acted as their own control and experimental groups since they all received both treatments in two weeks. During the two-week study, two texts were used (Text A and B). The pre-reading activities used for each group of students were the same (class discussion-brainstorming, vocabulary matching and video watching). In the first week of the experiment, treatment group A both in the pre-intermediate level and the intermediate level, was given prereading activities one day before reading text A, and treatment group B in both levels, was given pre-reading activities immediately before reading text A. In the second week, treatment group A was given the pre-reading activities immediately before reading text B, and treatment group B was given the pre-reading activities one day before reading text B. After each treatment, the students were asked to write a summary in their L1 about the texts they had read, as a post-test. Following the treatment, the self-reports of eight randomly chosen participant students in the form of post-treatment semi-structured interviews, were taken to explore their attitudes towards the timing of the pre-reading activities. The data analysis showed that when pre-reading activities were done immediately before reading a text, the students performed better in their post-tests than when the pre-reading activities were done one day before reading a text. The study also revealed that effective timing of pre-reading activities might be more important for lower level students when a text is difficult. The analysis of the interviews demonstrated that the pre-reading activities that the study used were effective for students’ comprehension; the attitudes of the students about the timing of the pre-reading activities were mixed. The interviews also revealed students’ different reactions to variations in teaching methods. It was speculated that their different preferences were due to their different learning styles.
Open Access
Timing and ordering decisions under single and dual product rollover strategies
(2011) Aras, Ahmet Korhan
In many industries, firms replace products that have been introduced to the market and that are in advanced stages of their life cycles. The process of introducing a new product and eventually displacing an old one is referred to as product rollover. In planning for new product introduction, it is very important that careful business decisions are made for phasing out the old product, as the related costs may be significant. In this thesis, we study the ordering and timing decisions of a supplier for successive generations of a product under two different strategies: single product rollover and dual product rollover. In both cases, we present models explicitly accounting for inventory holding costs, salvage value, lost sale cost, demand uncertainty of both the products and product cannibalization. We report the results of an extensive numerical study to investigate the structural properties of the expected profit function, and how the optimal timing and ordering decisions change under different settings.