Browsing by Subject "female sensibility"

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Open Access
Cumhuriyet öncesi kadın yazarların romanlarında toplumsal cinsiyet ve kimlik sorunsalı (1877-1923)
(2012) Günaydın, Ayşegül Utku
Womanhood and gender relationships have been one of the first questions taken up as the natural extension of the modernization paradigm between the declaration of the First Constitution and the Republic. Even though womanhood was declared to be a project, the fact that gender issues were never re-examined in a fundamental manner led to new problems vis-à-vis gender and identity. Opened up by the press, the new public sphere offered women the opportunity to discuss the woman question through articles and novels, and the most significant examples of inquiries concerning identity were expressed through one of the branches of traditional literature and through women‟s novels, a sub-genre that newly came into existence. The questioning of the oppressive mechanisms working on women and created by the responsibilities of the new female identity that went beyond the limits of the family, along with the male point of view floundering in face of this new identity, reflects a common female sensibility and sets forth the essence of this literature. The new female identity emphasizes rationality and the resilience of women, taking certain values of womanhood as its basis, and the female viewpoint is used to demonstrate the consequences of the dissonance between this “new” identity and the expectations of the male identity that represented the mindset of society in general, as personified by husbands, lovers, fathers, and relatives. The image of the isolated and struggling girl, who becomes more profound as she becomes more educated, is the symbol of the newly emerging intellectual woman of the Ottoman society. Opposite this woman in transition are the Ottoman men who are either already “impressed” or ready to be impressed. In short, the female novelists of the era express the need for a social transformation that would have to start at the very foundations of society and restructure the relationship between woman and man, i.e., sexual identities. In discussing the common themes, motifs, and sensibilities of women‟s novels, the dissertation examines the following works: Aşk-ı Vatan (1877) by Zafer Hanım; Muhâdarât (1892), Levâyih-i Hayât (1897-98), Refet, (1898), Udî (1899), and Enîn (1910) by Fatma Aliye Hanım; Uhuvvet (1895) by Selma Rıza Feraceli; Terbiye-i Etfale Ait Üç Hikâye (1895), Hiss-i Rekabet (1896), Bîkes (1897), Mükâfat-ı İlâhiye (1896), Sefalet (1897), Muallime (1899-1901), and Gayya Kuyusu (1920) by Emine Semiye Hanım; Dilharâb (1896-97) by Fatma Fahrünnisa Hanım; Münevver (1905- 06), Ölmüş Bir Kadının Evrak-ı Metrukesi (1905), Yaban Gülü (1920) and Nedret (1922) by Güzide Sabri Aygün; Heyûlâ (1908), Raik’in Annesi (1909), Seviyye Talip (1910), Handan (1912), Yeni Turan (1912), Son Eseri (1913) and Mev’ud Hüküm (1918) by Halide Edib; Şebab-ı Tebah (1911) by Nezihe Muhiddin; Aydemir (1918) by Müfide Ferit Tek; Kara Kitap (1920) by Suat Derviş and Sisli Geceler (1922) by Halide Nusret Zorlutuna.
Open Access
Gülten Akın şiirlerinde kadın duyarlığı
(2007) Alp, Ruken
Considered as one of the leading figures in Turkish Literature, Gülten Akın writes poetry for over 50 years. Although her poetry is classified in three groups by critics, it is my assertion that, basically “the female sensibility” should be taken as a basis in such classification, and that this notion possesses a determining criteria in understanding her poetry as a whole. Moreover, the concept of “femaleness” takes precedence over other issues and this concept has a transformative role in her poetry. This leads us to approach her poetry from the point of view of “female sensibility”. In this thesis, “the female sensibility” is discussed in relation to females’ attempt to meet their needs as women and taking into consideration their beings in the social system and pressures imposed on them through patriarchal society. With a purpose of analyzing “femaleness” and “female sensibility” in Gülten Akın’s poetry, this thesis consists of three sections. In the first section, the problematic of “female sensibility” in women poets in general is examined, emphasizing the notion as an important criteria in analyzing their poems. In the second section of the thesis, it is attempted to find out that “how the notions of ‘fear’ and ‘passiveness’ affect the lives of women”. In the third section, the feeling of “being environed” in Gülten Akın’s poetry is commented upon and this feeling of “being environed” or “being surrounded” is treated under the following five headings: Social life, marriage, political system, agedness and religious and patriarchal based social system.