Browsing by Subject "enlargement"
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Item Open Access An ever enlarging Europe: enlargement of the EU, 1990s and Turkey(Bilkent University, 2000) Erkoçak, EgeIn this thesis, in the light of the integration theories, the enlargement of the European Union is described with a historical perspective comprising the enlargement process in the 1990s. A special focus is given to EU - Turkey relations continuing over four decades through the perspective of the EU enlargement. The EU has been inclined to enlarge ever since it was founded. Actually, enlargement has been both a cause and an effect of the many different policies of the Union. Although enlargement became an agreed fact of the Union by more than doubling its size through four different enlargements, it has always initiated some debates within the Union whenever it has become palpable. With the changing international as well as continental conditions of the 1990s, Europe has witnessed the EU’s growing role as the core organisation for conducting the Central and East European Countries’ ‘return’ to Europe. These circumstances have forced the EU to change its ‘classical’ method of enlargement to a more ‘adaptive’ method by challenging the structures of the EU, and forcing the Union to adapt its system accordingly. These conditions also encouraged Turkey in its quest for membership to the EU. Although the integration theories prove insufficient to explain the complete dynamics of the enlargement process, enlargement is an agreed and continuous policy which will prevail the agenda of the Union in the near future. It is concluded that the EU is predicted to start its fifth enlargement by the year 2003.Item Open Access NATO enlargement and its implications for Turkey(Bilkent University, 2001) Çatal, ErdoğanNATO, which has been throughout the Cold War a collective defense organization, was considered either useless or out of date with the end of the Cold War. However, as it did in the early years of the Cold War, habitually originating from its own dynamics, NATO transformed itself in order to meet the imperatives of the post-Cold War international environment. The geographical enlargement of NATO is the centerpiece of this whole transformation process. It bears implications not only for NATO itself but also for the foreign policy that Euro-Atlantic states follow. The partnership and membership aspects of the geographical enlargement preserved NATO's credibility and served NATO on its way to become a security community, and both aspects ensured NATO's survival. As such, the establishment of relations either through partnership, membership or other way with NATO became the objective of CEE, Balkan, Caucasian, and Central Asian countries, on their way to acquire a democratic, peaceful, and Western identity. In this context, NATO addressed the concerns of a community of 46 states in the Euro-Atlantic region. Meanwhile, on part of Turkey, there appeared some opportunities and setbacks. While consolidating Turkey's western identity on the Caucasus, the Balkans and Central Asia, NATO enlargement brought new concerns to Turkey's agenda regarding regional security as well as Turkey's position in its only and most institutional and functional linkage with the Western Europe and the U.S. After the admission of three new members to NATO in 1999, the pros and cons of a second round of NATO enlargement requires an examination in depth as the decision time gets closer, not only for NATO but also for Turkey.