Browsing by Subject "autoimmunity"

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Open Access
Exosomes: Natural nanovesicle candidates used in the diagnosis and treatment
(Turkish Society of Immunology, 2013) Kahraman, T.; Gíiçlíiler G.; Gürsel I.
Exosomes are nano-vesicles released by all known cells. Although they were called as residual cells acting as a cleaner of undesired molecules out of cell during the first discovery in 1980s, recent studies have revealed critical physiological tasks of these vesicles over the past 20 years. These vesicles which can be produced by all body fluids play an important role in many biological activities including intracellular communication, signal conduction, genetic material transfer, and regulation of immune response. Due to their several tasks, exosomes play a crucial role in the disease pathogenesis. Considering all these tasks, exosomes can be considered in both diagnosis and treatment. Exosomes originating from distinct cells have immunosuppressive and immunostimulatory features and, thereby, therapeutic attempts which regulate immune function in case of autoimmune and immunosuppression. In addition, thanks to being natural nano-carriers, exosomes may pave the way for the development of new-generation vaccines containing both adjuvant and antigen. Besides therapeutic applications, there are evidences indicating that exosomes can be used in the diagnosis of several cancer forms including prostate cancer, glioblastoma, squamous-cell lung carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma, as they play a role in the disease pathogenesis. © 2014 Turkish Journal of Immunology.
Open Access
Suppressive oligodeoxynucleotides as a TLR antagonist : efforts to treat autoimmune diseases
(2007) Yağcı, Fuat Cem
Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) expressing suppressive TTAGGG motifs effectively down-regulate the production of proinflammatory and Th1 cytokines elicited by a variety of Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) dependent or independent immune stimuli. Although initially identified by their ability to block CpG-induced immune activation, this class of suppressive ODN (typified by ODN A151) was subsequently shown to block multiple forms of immune stimulation and to be effective in the prevention and treatment of pathologic autoimmune diseases. Endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) is an established animal model of acute ocular inflammation. It is induced by either systemic or intravitreal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). FMF is an autosomal recessive periodic fever disease characterized by recurrent, self-limiting, febrile, inflammatory attacks of the serosal membranes such as peritoneum, pleura, and synovia. FMF patients in clinical remission are reported to have increased baseline inflammation. Present study aims to demonstrate that the downregulatory effect of the suppressive DNA could prove benefit to alleviate the symptoms associated with i) LPS induced EIU in rabbit or murine models as model for local autoimmune disease and ii) Familial Mediterranean Fever a model for systemic autoinflammatory disease. Results from this research strongly implicated that A151 treated EIU induced animals downregulated IL6 and IL1b cytokine secretion or expression as well as chemokines such as or MIP3a, or iNOS levels. Our data suggest that FMF patient PBMCs to that of healthy donor`s blood were more responsive to TLR ligand stimulation and A151 incubation strongly reversed this activation and suppressed certain key cytokine/chemokine levels.