Browsing by Subject "Vulnerability"
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Item Open Access An enlargement of the notion of consumer vulnerability(Sage Publications, 2008-06) Commuri, S.; Ekici, A.Consumer vulnerability has long been an important issue in public policy and macromarketing. The focus of a special issue of the Journal of Macromarketing (vol. 26, issue 1) underscores this importance. The articles in that special issue lend both conceptual and methodological clarity to the subject of consumer vulnerability, thus bringing to the fore the hitherto overlooked importance of this construct. The purpose of this article is to extend this renewed interest by introducing an integrative view of consumer vulnerability that is a sum of two components: a transient, state-based component dominant in some of the articles in the special issue, and a systemic, class-based component. The proposition is that such an integrative view provides a proactive tool for macromarketers and policy makers in their efforts to safeguard and to empower vulnerable consumers.Item Open Access Risk based facility location by using fault tree analysis in disaster management(Elsevier Ltd, 2015) Akgün, T.; Gümüşbuğa F.; Tansel, B.Determining the locations of facilities for prepositioning supplies to be used during a disaster is a strategic decision that directly affects the success of disaster response operations. Locating such facilities close to the disaster-prone areas is of utmost importance to minimize response time. However, this is also risky because the facility may be disrupted and hence may not support the demand point(s). In this study, we develop an optimization model that minimizes the risk that a demand point may be exposed to because it is not supported by the located facilities. The purpose is to choose the locations such that a reliable facility network to support the demand points is constructed. The risk for a demand point is calculated as the multiplication of the (probability of the) threat (e.g., earthquake), the vulnerability of the demand point (the probability that it is not supported by the facilities), and consequence (value or possible loss at the demand point due to threat). The vulnerability of a demand point is computed by using fault tree analysis and incorporated into the optimization model innovatively. To our knowledge, this paper is the first to use such an approach. The resulting non-linear integer program is linearized and solved as a linear integer program. The locations produced by the proposed model are compared to those produced by the p-center model with respect to risk value, coverage distance, and covered population by using several test problems. The model is also applied in a real problem. The results indicate that taking the risk into account explicitly may create significant differences in the risk levels. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.Item Open Access Strategizing to survive in liminal life: ghost-like agency of Afghan refugees in Turkey(Bilkent University, 2022-07) Eminoğlu, CanThis study focuses on the agency of Afghan refugees in the quest of survival in Turkey. The countries where the refugee regime is ambiguous due to reasons such as complex asylum policies and limitation to Geneva Convention, refugees end up in a challenging situation where they can neither go back, nor incorporate to the host society and nor move further to a third country. In such context, when refugee governance is further based on neoliberal approach, refugees find themselves being left to their own devices to find solutions for their survival through using their agency. With this perspective, this qualitative study aims to understand how the refugee agency is formulated and operationalized by asking: What sort of survival strategies do Afghan refugees develop under complex refugee regime in Turkey? How do the daily lives of Afghans look like in the government-assigned satellite cities? How do Afghan refugees explain vulnerabilities and survival needs? Following making the analysis of the data collected from thirty-five in-depth, semi structured, and face-to-face interviews through the emerged themes, this study first found that following their flight, refugees find themselves in limbo where they are left to their own devices for survival. Second, with the aim of staying alive, refugees turn into ghosts through using their agencies, both by being visible and invisible. This agency however is partial because of the structural reasons. On the one hand, ghostlike nature deepens the already existing vulnerabilities as a result of risk-taking, and on the other, it works into the creation good relationships with the host community members in the satellite city. Whether visible or invisible, the ghost-like agency of Afghans has one ultimate goal: to be able to survive in Turkey.