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    Was Esref Kuscubasi a hero or a villain?
    (Bilkent University, 2021) Azizov, Imamali; Tafish, Osama; Yar, Daniş; Rzayev, Subatay; Nasibov, Farid
    The following essay gives detailed information about Esref Kuschubasi, one of the members of Teskilati-Mahsusa, who has gained much of a reputation for being recognized as a hero or traitor throughout his life. Although Esref Kuschubasi displayed himself as a brave soldier especially in his military career and the following wars such as Balkan Wars, his attitude towards the newly formed Turkish Republic under Mustafa Kemal Ataturk changed and made him become against the Turkish Republic and its rule over the region. Esref Kuschubasi was the one who attempted to change the regime of the Turkish Republic by committing more and more crimes as well as joining some rebellious groups such as “Cerkez Ethem’’. Consequently, due to the archive of the Turkish Republic, Esref Kuschibasi was considered primarily guilty of his dangerous actions against the Turkish Republic.