Browsing by Subject "Valuation"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3

Open Access
Cross-cultural regularities in the cognitive architecture of pride
(National Academy of Sciences, 2017) Sznycer, D.; Al-Shawaf, L.; Bereby-Meyer, Y.; Curry, O. S.; De Smet, D.; Ermer, E.; Kim, S.; Li, N. P.; Lopez Seal, M. F.; McClung, J.; O, Jiaqing; Ohtsubo, Y.; Quillien, T.; Schaub, M.; Sell, A.; Van Leeuwen, F.; Cosmides, L.; Tooby, J.
Pride occurs in every known culture, appears early in development, is reliably triggered by achievements and formidability, and causes a characteristic display that is recognized everywhere. Here, we evaluate the theory that pride evolved to guide decisions relevant to pursuing actions that enhance valuation and respect for a person in the minds of others. By hypothesis, pride is a neurocomputational program tailored by selection to orchestrate cognition and behavior in the service of: (i) motivating the costeffective pursuit of courses of action that would increase others' valuations and respect of the individual, (ii) motivating the advertisement of acts or characteristics whose recognition by others would lead them to enhance their evaluations of the individual, and (iii) mobilizing the individual to take advantage of the resulting enhanced social landscape. To modulate how much to invest in actions that might lead to enhanced evaluations by others, the pride system must forecast the magnitude of the evaluations the action would evoke in the audience and calibrate its activation proportionally. We tested this prediction in 16 countries across 4 continents (n = 2,085), for 25 acts and traits. As predicted, the pride intensity for a given act or trait closely tracks the valuations of audiences, local (mean r = +0.82) and foreign (mean r = +0.75). This relationship is specific to pride and does not generalize to other positive emotions that coactivate with pride but lack its audience-recalibrating function.
Open Access
Model for valuating decentralized energy production
(2008) Cider, Muammer
The purpose of this thesis is to assess decentralized production technologies in an economical framework. Throughout the thesis, technological aspects such as smart metering or connectivity issues are ignored. All assumptions are based on specification sheets by the producers of the technologies to provide an impartial assessment. Pricing schemes for buying from the grid and selling to the grid are based on dynamic markets, like Amsterdam Power Exchange and Title Transfer Facility. Although these markets are for large scale trading, they provide a good basis for constructing future scenarios where electricity and gas are bought on variable prices rather than fixed prices. Model constructed to evaluate different technologies finds the optimal production given the technologies and prices for the period. Optimal production clearly defines an upper bound on the value of the technology as any other production increases the cost of heat and electricity of the household. In retrospect, model establishes a best case scenario for the value of such systems from an economical perspective. Technological, regulatory, and marketing aspects are not explored in this study. Only economical viability of the technologies is explored. In summary, it is common for individuals to make misinformed or wrong decisions. Effects of marketing etc. can be studied, but my belief based on this study is that these devices are not economically viable and their environmental benefits are questionable.
Open Access
Valuing risky projects in incomplete markets
(2009) Doğruer, Şaziye Pelin
We study the problem of valuing risky projects in incomplete markets. We develop a new method to value risky projects by restricting the so-called gain-loss ratio. We calculate the project value bounds on a numerical example and compare the results of our method with the option pricing analysis method. The proposed method yields tighter price bounds to the projects than option pricing analysis method. Moreover, for a specific value of gain-loss preference parameter, λ ∗ , our new method may yield a unique project value. Interestingly, replicating portfolios are different in the upper and lower bound problems for λ ∗ . The results are obtained in a discrete time, discrete space framework. We also extend our method to markets with transaction costs and situations with uncertain state probabilities.