Browsing by Subject "Validity"

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6

Open Access
Assessing prospective chemistry teachers' understanding of gases through qualitative and quantitative analyses of their concept maps
(R S C Publications, 2013-04) Kibar, Z. B.; Yaman, F.; Ayas, A.
The use of concept mapping as a tool to measure the meaningful learning of students is the focus of this study. The study was carried out with 24 last year students (22 years old) from the Department of Chemistry Teaching at Fatih Faculty of Education, Karadeniz Technical University (KTU). Prospective Chemistry Teachers (PCT) were asked to create concept maps using a list of given concepts related to gases. An examination of the PCTs' maps revealed that the students could not form hierarchical maps even after being shown examples of the basic elements and meaningful propositions between the concepts. After being provided with feedback about their concept maps and trained to form non-hierarchical concept maps, the students were asked to create new maps. This time they were allowed to use either hierarchical or non-hierarchical maps. When their new maps were examined, we found that most of the PCTs formed non-hierarchical maps. However, they still could not form meaningful relationships between the given concepts. We also found that the PCTs had some misconceptions about gases and kinetic molecular theory that explains gas behavior. The study ended up with some suggestions and implications for educators and researchers related to pre-service teachers' training.
Open Access
Can computerized adaptive testing work in students’ admission to higher education programs in Turkey?
(EDAM, 2017-04) Kalender, I.; Berberoglu, G.
Admission into university in Turkey is very competitive and features a number of practical problems regarding not only the test administration process itself, but also concerning the psychometric properties of test scores. Computerized adaptive testing (CAT) is seen as a possible alternative approach to solve these problems. In the first phase of the study, a series of CAT simulations based on real students’ responses to science items were conducted in order to determine which test termination rule produced more comparable results with scores made on the paper and pencil version of the test. An average of 17 items was used to terminate the CAT administration for a reasonable reliability level as opposed to the normal 45 items. Moreover, CAT based science scores not only produced similar correlations when using mathematics subtest scores as an external criterion, but also ranked the students similarly to the paper and pencil test version. In the second phase, a live CAT administration was implemented using an item bank composed of 242 items with a group of students who had previously taken the exam the paper and pencil version of the test. A correlation of .76 was found between the CAT and paper and pencil scores for this group. The results seem to support the CAT version of the subtests as a feasible alternative approach in Turkey’s university admission system.
Open Access
Conceptualizing and operationalizing social rights: towards higher convergent validity in SCIP and CWED
(Sage Publications Ltd., 2018) Bölükbaşı, H. Tolga; Öktem, Kerem Gabriel
There is widespread consensus in the comparative welfare state literature that the welfare state can be best conceptualized in terms of social rights of citizenship. The Social Citizenship Indicator Program (SCIP) and the Comparative Welfare Entitlements Dataset (CWED), which rely on operational definitions of quantified legislated social rights, constitute centrepieces of this thriving research. As leading state-of-the-art tools for capturing welfare stateness, these two datasets are being widely used. Scholars in general have also been treating them as interchangeable measurement tools. Upon closer inspection, however, we discover that the two datasets point to contrasting images of welfare state change for certain countries and time periods. This article aims to contribute to the scholarly exchange on the validity problem in measuring welfare state generosity. The exchange has hitherto been confined to problems of dataset choice with respect to only replacement rates, a set of key indicators included in both datasets. However, there are 11 key non-replacement rate indicators SCIP and CWED have in common, whose convergent validity has yet to be questioned. We thus explore the convergent validity of these non-replacement rate indicators across the two datasets. We then replicate the two leading composite indexes (Decommodification Index (DI) and Benefit Generosity Index (BGI)) constructed on the basis of these indicators. We identify problems of invalidity manifested in discrepancies in non-replacement rate indicator scores and index values for DI and BGI. We show how these discrepancies could lead to contrasting assessments of welfare state change. We then identify a set of potential sources for these discrepancies, most of which are related to different operationalizations of similar concepts. We conclude by calling for more dialogue among developers of SCIP and CWED to further clarify their conceptual and operational points of departure
Open Access
Fen ve teknoloji dersi öğretmen adaylarının bilimsel süreç becerilerinin ölçülmesine ilişkin bir test geliştirme çalışması
(Ekip Ltd. Sti., 2013) Karslı, F.; Ayas, Alipaşa
Bu çalışmada, fen ve teknoloji dersi öğretmen adaylarının bilimsel süreç becerilerini ölçmeye yönelik, geçerliği ve güvenirliği sağlanmış çoklu formda bilimsel süreç becerileri testi (BİSBET) geliştirmek amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla ölçülecek davranışın niteliği dikkate alınarak, son zamanlarda program geliştirmeciler tarafından da öngörülen ölçme-değerlendirme tekniklerine uygun, 25’i çoktan seçmeli ve 11’i açık uçlu yapıda olmak üzere toplam 36 maddeden oluşan test geliştirilmiştir. Toplam 197 fen ve teknoloji dersi öğretmen adayına uygulanan testin geçerlik, güvenirlik çalışmaları ve madde analizleri yapılmıştır. Bilimsel süreç becerilerini ölçmeye yönelik geliştirilen testin kapsam geçerliğine kanıt sağlamak için uzman görüşlerine, yapı geçerliğine kanıt sağlamak için ise hipotez testi yöntemine başvurulmuştur. Testin güvenirliği; çoktan seçmeli test maddeleri için iç tutarlılık analizi yöntemi ile açık uçlu test maddeleri için ise iç tutarlılık ve gözlemciler arası tutarlılık yöntemleri ile sağlanmıştır. Testin geçerlik, güvenirlik ve madde analizi sonuçlarına göre BİSBET’in fen ve teknoloji dersi öğretmen adaylarının BSB’lerinin ölçülmesi amacıyla kullanılabilecek, geçerliği ve güvenirliği sağlanmış bir test olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Open Access
Reliability and validity of the pain anxiety symptom scale in Persian speaking chronic low back pain patients
(Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2017) Shanbehzadeh, S.; Salavati, M.; Tavahomi, M.; Khatibi, A.; Talebian, S.; Kalantari K. K.
Study Design. Psychometric testing of the Persian version of Pain Anxiety Symptom Scale 20. Objective. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and construct validity of the PASS-20 in nonspecific chronic low back pain (LBP) patients. Summary of Background Data. The PASS-20 is a self-report questionnaire that assesses pain-related anxiety. The Psychometric properties of this instrument have not been assessed in Persian-speaking chronic LBP patients. Methods. One hundred and sixty participants with chronic LBP completed the Persian version of PASS-20, Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK), Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), trait form of the State-Trait Anxiety (STAI-T), Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Index (ODI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). To evaluate test-retest reliability, 60 patients filled out the PASS-20, 6 to 8 days after the first visit. Test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC], standard error of measurement [SEM], and minimal detectable change [MDC]), internal consistency, dimensionality, and construct validity were examined. Results. The ICCs of the PASS-20 subscales and total score ranged from 0.71 to 0.8. The SEMs for PASS-20 total score was 7.29 and for the subscales ranged from 2.43 to 2.98. The MDC for the total score was 20.14 and for the subscales ranged from 6.71 to 8.23. The Cronbach alpha values for the subscales and total score ranged from 0.70 to 0.91. Significant positive correlations were found between the PASS-20 total score and PCS, TSK, FABQ, ODI, BDI, STAI-T, and pain intensity. Conclusion. The Persian version of the PASS-20 showed acceptable psychometric properties for the assessment of pain-related anxiety in Persian-speaking patients with chronic LBP. © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Open Access
A simple analytical expression for the gradient induced potential on active implants during MRI
(2012) Turk, E.A.; Kopanoglu, E.; Guney, S.; Bugdayci, K.E.; Ider, Y. Z.; Erturk, V. B.; Atalar, Ergin
During magnetic resonance imaging, there is an interaction between the time-varying magnetic fields and the active implantable medical devices (AIMD). In this study, in order to express the nature of this interaction, simplified analytical expressions for the electric fields induced by time-varying magnetic fields are derived inside a homogeneous cylindrical volume. With these analytical expressions, the gradient induced potential on the electrodes of the AIMD can be approximately calculated if the position of the lead inside the body is known. By utilizing the fact that gradient coils produce linear magnetic field in a volume of interest, the simplified closed form electric field expressions are defined. Using these simplified expressions, the induced potential on an implant electrode has been computed approximately for various lead positions on a cylindrical phantom and verified by comparing with the measured potentials for these sample conditions. In addition, the validity of the method was tested with isolated frog leg stimulation experiments. As a result, these simplified expressions may help in assessing the gradient-induced stimulation risk to the patients with implants.