Browsing by Subject "Vaccination"
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Item Open Access Adjuvant autologous melanoma vaccine for macroscopic stage III disease: survival, biomarkers, and improved response to CTLA-4 blockade(Hindawi Limited, 2016) Lotem, M.; Merims, S.; Frank, S.; Hamburger, T.; Nissan, A.; Kadouri, L.; Cohen, J.; Straussman, R.; Eisenberg, G.; Frankenburg, S.; Carmon, E.; Alaiyan, B.; Shneibaum, S.; Ayyildiz, Z. O.; Isbilen, M.; Senses, K. M.; Ron, I.; Steinberg, H.; Smith, Y.; Shiloni, E.; Gure, A. O.; Peretz, T.Background. There is not yet an agreed adjuvant treatment for melanoma patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer stages III B and C. We report administration of an autologous melanoma vaccine to prevent disease recurrence. Patients and Methods. 126 patients received eight doses of irradiated autologous melanoma cells conjugated to dinitrophenyl and mixed with BCG. Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to unmodified melanoma cells was determined on the vaccine days 5 and 8. Gene expression analysis was performed on 35 tumors from patients with good or poor survival. Results. Median overall survival was 88 months with a 5-year survival of 54%. Patients attaining a strong DTH response had a significantly better (p = 0.0001) 5-year overall survival of 75% compared with 44% in patients without a strong response. Gene expression array linked a 50-gene signature to prognosis, including a cluster of four cancer testis antigens: CTAG2 (NY-ESO-2), MAGEA1, SSX1, and SSX4. Thirty-five patients, who received an autologous vaccine, followed by ipilimumab for progressive disease, had a significantly improved 3-year survival of 46% compared with 19% in nonvaccinated patients treated with ipilimumab alone (p = 0.007). Conclusion. Improved survival in patients attaining a strong DTH and increased response rate with subsequent ipilimumab suggests that the autologous vaccine confers protective immunity.Item Restricted Changes in vaccination practices in Turkey(Bilkent University, 2025) Saleem, Umayma Binte; Mukhtarov, Nijat; Nasibli, Nazim; Yusifli, Roya; Garayeva, NuriyaThis article outlines the history of vaccination in Turkey—from the initial use of variolation in the Ottoman Empire to the mass public health applications during the Republic, and now, the privatization of vaccine supply. One can consider the first use of vaccination in Ottoman hands as a state initiative that was supported from the very institutional level: the Vaccine Production Institute (1892), and the Constantinople Imperial Bacteriology Institute (1893). The Turkish government continued this emphasis when it established the Hifzissihha in 1928, an organization dedicated to providing widespread vaccinations with the goal of catching up to European standards in preventing infectious diseases. However, starting in the 1980s, neoliberal economic policies and international financial organizations forced the government to step back from its leading role in healthcare and eventually privatized vaccine development and distribution. The paper discusses the political, social, and economic factors that brought such changes in policies and the negative effects on public trust. The paper is a call for revision of current health policies to achieve sustainable vaccination strategies in Turkey.Item Open Access Development and preclinical characterization of meningococcal outer membrane vesicle vaccine(2024-03) Özsürekci, YaseminInvasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is caused by Neisseria meningitidis, with the main serogroups responsible for the disease being A, B, C, W, X and Y. To date, several vaccines targeting N.meningitidis have been developed albeit with a short-lived protection. Given that MenW and MenB are the most common causes of IMD in Europe, Turkey, and Middle East, we aimed to develop an outer membrane vesicle (OMV) based bivalent vaccine as the heterologous antigen source. Herein, we compared the immunogenicity, and breadth of serum bactericidal assays (SBA) based protective coverage of OMV vaccine to X serotype with existing commercial meningococcal conjugate and polysaccharide (PS) vaccines in a murine model. BALB/c mice were immunized with preclinical batches of the W+B OMV vaccine, either adjuvanted with Alum, CpG ODN or their combinations and compared with a MenACYW conjugate vaccine (NimenrixTM, Pfizer) and a MenB OMV-based vaccine (Bexsero®, GSK). The immune responses were assessed through ELISA and SBA. Antibody responses and SBA titers were significantly higher in the W+B OMV vaccine when adjuvanted with Alum or CpG ODN, as compared to the control groups. Moreover, the SBA titers were not only significantly higher than those achieved with available conjugated ACYW vaccines but also on par with the 4CMenB vaccines. In conclusion, the W+B OMV vaccine demonstrated the capacity to elicit robust antibody responses, surpassing or matching the levels induced by licensed meningococcal vaccines. Consequently, the W+B OMV vaccine could potentially serve as a viable alternative or supplement to existing meningococcal vaccines.Item Open Access Immunogenicity and protective capacity of a CpG ODN adjuvanted alum adsorbed bivalent meningococcal outer membrane vesicle vaccine(Oxford University Press, 2024-03-27) Yıldırım, Tuğçe Canavar; Özsürekçi, Yasemin; Yıldırım, Muzaffer; Evcili, İrem; Yazar, Volkan; Aykaç, Kübra; Güler, Ülkü; Salih, Bekir; Gürsel, Mayda; Gürsel, İhsanInvasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is caused by Neisseria meningitidis, with the main serogroups responsible for the disease being A, B, C, W, X, and Y. To date, several vaccines targeting N. meningitidis have been developed albeit with a short-lived protection. Given that MenW and MenB are the most common causes of IMD in Europe, Turkey, and the Middle East, we aimed to develop an outer membrane vesicle (OMV) based bivalent vaccine as the heterologous antigen source. Herein, we compared the immunogenicity, and breadth of serum bactericidal activity (SBA) assay-based protective coverage of OMV vaccine to the X serotype with existing commercial meningococcal conjugate and polysaccharide (PS) vaccines in a murine model. BALB/c mice were immunized with preclinical batches of the W + B OMV vaccine, either adjuvanted with Alum, CpG ODN, or their combinations, and compared with a MenACYW conjugate vaccine (NimenrixTM, Pfizer), and a MenB OMV-based vaccine (Bexsero®, GSK), The immune responses were assessed through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and SBA assay. Antibody responses and SBA titers were significantly higher in the W + B OMV vaccine when adjuvanted with Alum or CpG ODN, as compared to the control groups. Moreover, the SBA titers were not only significantly higher than those achieved with available conjugated ACYW vaccines but also on par with the 4CMenB vaccines. In conclusion, the W + B OMV vaccine demonstrated the capacity to elicit robust antibody responses, surpassing or matching the levels induced by licensed meningococcal vaccines. Consequently, the W + B OMV vaccine could potentially serve as a viable alternative or supplement to existing meningococcal vaccines.