Browsing by Subject "Turkish fiction--20th century--History and criticism."

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Open Access
Cumhuriyet dönemi tarihî romanları 1923-1946 : "eski" kahramanların yeni söylemleri
(2014) Uygun, İsmail
Bu tez, 1923 ila 1946 arası yani Cumhuriyet’in kuruluşundan çok partili hayata geçiş dönemine kadar yazılmış tarihî romanların niteliksel ve niceliksel olarak incelenmesinden oluşmaktadır. Bu dönemde yazılan tarihî romanlar için yaygın olan görüş bunların Türk Tarih Tezi’nin etkisiyle oluşturulduğu ve ağırlıklı olarak Orta Asya Türk tarihini işlediği yönündedir. Ancak inceleme sonucunda tarihî romanların ağırlıklı olarak konusunun Osmanlı Devleti olduğu görülmektedir. Ayrıca “tarihî” oldukları savlanan bu kahramanlar, romanların yazıldığı zamanın düşün dünyasını birebir yansıtmaktadır. O halde bu kahramanlar ne ölçüde tarihî olabilirler? Yapılan inceleme sonucunda Cumhuriyet dönemi tarihî roman yazarlarının kusursuz bir kahraman yaratma edimine giriştikleri ve tarihî roman kahramanını da bu edimin bir parçası olarak gördükleri anlaşılmaktadır. Dolayısıyla yazar tarihî roman kahramanını, ulus-devlet oluşturma ve bilinci yaratma sürecinde edilgenleştirerek kendi amacı için araçsallaştırır. Sonuçta tarihî olduğu öne sürülen kahraman, 19. ve 20. yüzyılın ideolojik kavramları ve politik kavramlarıyla konuşturulur. Bütün bunlara ek olarak bugüne kadar tarihî roman konusunda yapılmış bibliyografik çalışmaların maddi yetersizliği ve yanlışlığı, edebiyat incelemelerinde 1923-1946 arasında yazılan tarihî romanların olgular üzerinden değil tamamen hâkim ideoloji olan Türkçülük üzerinden değerlendirildiğini göstermektedir. M. Turhan Tan, Nizamettin Nazif Tepedelenlioğlu, Enver Behnan Şapolyo, İskender Fahrettin Sertelli, Ziya Şakir Soku ve Apdullah Ziya Kozanoğlu gibi tarihî roman yazarlarının ürettiği tarihî romanların ilk baskı tarihlerinin bilinmemesi dönem hakkında yapılan genellemeleri geçersiz kılmaktadır. Tezin konusunu oluşturan dönemde yazılmış tarihî romanların popüler ve yaygın olduğu yönündeki tartışmalar ise baskı sayısı gibi olgular üzerinden değerlendirildiğinde gerçekçi görünmemektedir
Open Access
Genç edebiyatın gençleri: Geç dönem Osmanlı romanında gençlik, gelecek ve idealler
(2015) Demir, Meryem
This study presents an analysis of five texts which are thought of as examples of late Ottoman novels and which focus on the change and transformation from early Ottoman novels to novels of the late period. Into the novels which the narrative of European snobbery gave its place to the narratives of future depending on the crisis period that Empire was going through, the idealist youth is at the core of narratives.. The “youth,” united under the question of what they will face in future, are in an instrumental position in the discussion of the extent of appropriate Westernization. The first part of this thesis, in the chapters titled “From the Apprehension of Fatherlessness to the Apprehension of Deficiency in Certain Generation”, “From the Act of Reading to the Act of Writing” and “From the Miserable Man to the Respected One" identifies changes in Halid Ziya Uşaklıgil's novels written between 1890 and 1911; Bir Ölünün Defteri (1890), Mai ve Siyah (1897), Nesl-i Ahîr (1909), Mehmed Murad’s Turfanda mı Yoksa Turfa mı? (1890) and Ali Kemal’s Fetret (1911). One of the important changes examined in the second part of the thesis is the involvement of adults and fathers in terms of representation. These characters are used as instruments to express idealism in the work of late period Ottoman intellectuals. In the third part, population growth of the appropriate characters is confirmed in the novels which the European snob type lost its appearance. In the analysis, the use of these positive characters separate two parts as either “reformist” and “idealist” in the discussion of extent of appropriate westernization. Because this thesis defends the position that the undefined future narrative forms a common aspect among these novels, the fourth chapter focuses on the differentiation, diversification and disappearance of the place; so it is revealed that narratives end up with the loss of the places in parallel with dystopia.
Open Access
Kemal Tahir'in Türk romanı düşüncesi
(2003) Sevim, Seçkin
Kemal Tahir (1910-1973) is one of the few writers who have remained outside of general tendencies relating to art and thought in a country where literature and ideas are dominated by imitation rather than authenticity. Tahir’s work as a novelist may be divided into two periods. In his essays about Anatolia, published in Geçit, an amateur literary journal of the 1930’s, in Göl İnsanları, stories serialized in Tan daily in 1941 and in his novels about Turkish peasant life based on his observations in several rural jails—where he served time for thirteen years—represent the first period during which he devoted his life to exploring the social reality of the Turkish people. This exploration, which was transformed into a genuine intellectual passion in the last decade of his life, led Kemal Tahir to focus on research into Ottoman history in the eai ly 1960’s. Consequently, Kemal Tahir experienced a transformation in his political interpretation of the history of the Ottoman Empire which marks his second period beginning specifically with the publication of his novel Yorgun Savaşçı (1965). In the second period, Kemal Tahir, having accepted and welcomed the historical and cultural heritage of the Ottoman Empire as a positive development, brings forward various polemical arguments. These arguments—based on the thesis that Turkish society is inherently different from Western societies—form the ideological background of Kemal Tahir’s idea of the Turkish Novel. In the nairative, he assigned a higher priority to “social drama’’ than to “individual drama” and argued that a novelist should conduct sound sociological research before embarking on his writing. The aim of this study, then, is to examine the theoretical validity of Kemal Tahir’s idea of the Turkish novel
Open Access
Klişelerden uzak bir köy romancısı : Abbas Sayar
(2002) Tomur, Sevil
One of the most controversial literary subjects in Turkey between 1950s and 1970s was village literature, a specific genre that refers to the realistic works of Village Institute authors. These works, generally focused on economic and social problems of villagers, have been criticized for having too many stereotypical elements. Therefore, authors, whose fictions are based on village, are not literarily appreciated, regarded simply as village writers. Among those is Abbas Sayar (1923-1999), the author of novels entitled Can Şenliği (1974), Çelo (1972), Dik Bayır (1977), and Yılkı Atı (1970) among others. As a village-rooted novelist, the themes of his novels are on life in Central Anatolia and the language of these works contains idioms, proverbs, and accents of this region. Yet, he also pays attention to the original sides of his subject matters and establishes his novels skillfully. Hence, on the one side, he can be classified as a village writer. On the other side, he differs from other village writers in his literary methods. In this thesis, the place of Abbas Sayar’s works in village literature is detected and the original aspects of his novels are exemplified.
Open Access
Peyami Safa'nın romanlarında modernleşme ve mekân
(2009) Aksoy, Süreyya Elif
Peyami Safa (1899-1961), via his literary œuvre, also through his newspaper essays and research, had been a major contributor to the main arguments of Turkish conservative thought. His focus was on the tension between modernity and tradition. This study analyzes 11 novels of Peyami Safa, representative of each period in his novel writing, with a wiew to finding out the relations between the fictional places and the line of thought centering around modernization and the East-West question. The novels that are subject to scrutiny are as follows: Sözde Kızlar (The So-Called Girls, 1923), Şimşek (Lightning, 1923), Mahşer (Doomsday, 1924), Bir Akşamdı (It was a Night, 1924), Cânân (Cânan, 1925), Dokuzuncu Hariciye Koğuşu (Ninth Ward of Exterior Diseases, 1930), Fatih-Harbiye (Fatih-Harbiye, 1931), Bir Tereddüdün Romanı (The Novel of a Hesitation, 1933), Biz Đnsanlar (We Human Beings, 1959), Matmazel Noraliya’nın Koltuğu (The Armchair of Mademoiselle Noraliya, 1949) ve Yalnızız (We are Alone, 1951). In these novels, Safa views materialism, ardent pursuit of material gain and the satisfaction of sensual desires as the consequences of modernity and strongly condemns them. The study, carried on with the help of two research tools, namely “social space”, and “everyday life”, revealed that, urban places are depicted as the battle-ground for modern and traditional spaces. Modern urban spaces are presented as a threat to local culture and morality, whereas traditional spaces are subject to a Romantic idealization mechanism. However, in this binary opposition, Safa does not target the West as a totality, but aims at pointing to the specific ill consequences of modernity instead. To draw the line between the two, he insists on resting his arguments upon the anti-modernity arguments produced in the West itself, and he proposes a spiritual cooperation between Christianity and Islam against the materialistic inclinations of modernity. Hence, Safa questions the rhetoric of the “East-West opposition” and argues that the main conflict is between modernity and tradition, matter and spirit. Another insight is that, Safa’s transition from being an ardent supporter of modernization in the 1930s, towards functioning as the spokesman for tradition and religion in the 1950s, as well as the underlying conservative trait of his ideas, can be traced in his novels as well his essays and research. Despite his serious criticism against the consequences of modernity as experienced in the city and against the misconception and misinterpretation of modernity in certain circles, Peyami Safa does not totally exclude modernity from his universe. He rather displays an awareness about the features of modern city life, which enables modernity to pervade existence and to bring modernity and tradition into contact. The connection and communication between these two spaces are made possible mainly by modern transportation vehicles, such as cars and trams, as well as key characters who move in both modern and traditional spaces with equal effectiveness. So, in Safa’s fictional environment, modernity and tradition interact. Modernity transforms people’s perception and becomes an essential component of existence. Thus, the study suggests that Safa’s attention is not only on the opposition between East and West, or tradition and modernity, but on the relations between the two. This result is also supported by his conservative line of thought, found in his essays and non-fictional books, which clearly reveals his search for an ideal composition of preferable parts of the old and new, a position which makes him comparable to British conservative thought, as well as linking him to the postTanzimat (Reformation) Ottoman sentiments against rapid modernization, in the 19th century.