Browsing by Subject "Surface tension"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3

Open Access
Boundary viscoelasticity theory at finite deformations and computational implementation using isogeometric analysis
(Elsevier BV, 2021-02-01) Dortdivanlioglu, B.; Javili, Ali
Use of surface elasticity theory has experienced a prolific growth recently due to its utility in understanding the mechanics of nanomaterials and soft solids at small scales. Various extensions of surface elasticity theory have been proposed. The main objective of this contribution is to formulate a finite deformation theory for boundary viscoelasticity in principal stretches by accounting for strain-dependent boundary stresses. We present a model that utilizes a nonlinear evolution law and thus is not restricted to the states that are close to the thermodynamic equilibrium. Boundary contributions include both surface and curve effects wherein boundary elasticity as well as boundary tension are accounted for. The boundary constitutive models are formulated such that fluid-like and solid-like viscoelastic behavior of boundaries are considered. A geometrically exact computational framework using isogeometric analysis inherently suited to account for boundaries is developed. Equipped with the theoretical and computational framework, the influence of boundary viscoelasticity on the material response is illustrated. Non-equilibrium counterpart of surface tension is introduced and its effects are elucidated via examples. Through numerical examples, various applications of the bulk–boundary coupled formulation which require further investigation are highlighted.
Open Access
Plateau Rayleigh instability of soft elastic solids. Effect of compressibility on pre and post bifurcation behavior
(Elsevier, 2022-08) Dortdivanlioglu, B.; Javili, Ali
Solid surface tension can deform soft elastic materials at macroscopic length scales. At a critical surface tension, elastocapillary instabilities in soft filaments emerge that resemble the Plateau–Rayleigh (P–R) instabilities in liquids. The experimentally observed P–R instability of soft elastic filaments has been recently investigated via numerical and theoretical approaches. However, these contributions focus on the incompressible limit and preclude the nonlinear Poisson's ratio effects in materials, for example, compressible hydrogels with Poisson's ratios that can go as low as 0.1. Moreover, most of the research on the solid P–R instability elaborate on the onset, ignoring the post-bifurcation regime. Here we show that compressibility matters and the form of the assumed compressible strain energy density has a significant effect on the onset and the post-bifurcation behavior of elastic P–R instability. For example, the P–R instability can be entirely suppressed depending on the form of the free energy density and Poisson's ratio. To this end, we employ a robust and variational elastocapillary formulation and its computer implementation using surface-enriched isogeometric finite elements at finite strains. We use an arclength solver to illustrate both stable-unstable amplitude growth and bifurcation points in the entire equilibrium path. Stability maps are drawn with distinct stable-unstable regions over various shear moduli, surface tensions, fiber radii, and applied stretches for cases ranging from quasi-compressible to fully compressible. The presented elastocapillary model proves to be useful in quantifying the surface and bulk energies in competition at finite strains and expected to help improve mechanical characterization of soft materials with at least one dimension that is on the orders of the elastocapillary lengthscale lsolid∼O(nm – mm).
Open Access
Surface propensity of anions in a binary ionic‐liquid mixture assessed by full‐range angle‐resolved X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and surface‐tension measurements
(Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2020) Öz, Erdinç; Şahin, Özgür; Okur, Halil İ.; Süzer, Şefik
Angle‐resolved X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and contact‐angle measurements guided by a signal attenuation model are utilized to extract molar composition and anion enrichment in the vacuum interface of a binary ionic liquid mixture, having a common quaternary ammonium cation and two different anions. By using the intensity ratio of the F1s peaks belonging to the two different anions recorded at the full electron take‐off angle range, from 0° to 80°, we have determined that only a fractionally covered and anion enriched surface layer can predict the AR‐XPS data, which is also consistent with surface tension measurements. Moreover, the more bulky and non‐spherical anion enrichment is evident even at the conventional and the so assumed bulk sensitive take‐off angle of 0°. This methodology provides a surface enrichment factor of the molecular ions and clearly serves as an experimental evidence for recently debated surface layering and/or island structure in ionic liquid systems.