Browsing by Subject "Superconductivity."

Now showing 1 - 9 of 9

Open Access
High Tc superconductivity
(1989) Gedik, M. Zafer
critical summary of the recent developments in high temperature superconductivity is given. Physical properties of the new materials are summarized. The new theories proposed to explain high Tc are reviewed. In the case of a special type anisotropic gap, the currents and conductivity for single particle tunneling in high Tc superconductor junctions are calculated. Tunneling is assumed to be specular. The position of the peak in the conductivity curve, is found to be determined by the shape of the Fermi surface. Two geometries are considered: tunneling paxallel and perpendicular to CuO^ planes. The order of the peaks for these two configurations turns out to be opposite to experimental results. It is concluded that, conventional one band theory of superconductivity is not enough to explain observed tunneling spectra of high Tc superconductors.
Open Access
Impurity effects and symmetry of the order parameter in high-temperature oxide superconductors
(1997) Bayındır, Mehmet
Identification of the symmetry of the order parameter (OP) of high-l'c cuprates is important because it helps to understand possible mechanism that govern the physics of these materials. However, up to now, there is no consensus on the symmetry of the OP. On the other hand, nonmagnetic impurity substitutions would test the symmetry of OP. Present theoretical calculations overestimate suppression of the critical temperature (by a factor of 2 or more) in comparison to the experimental data. So far, differences between zinc [Zn) and nickel {Ni) substitutions have not been well understood. Considering the above arguments, effects of nonmagnetic impurities on the high-temperature cuprates are investigated by solving the Bogoliulpv-de Gennes (BdG) equations on two-dimensional square lattice. The critical impurity concentration is found to be very close to the experimental values. Possibility of extracting the symmetry of OP from the obtained results is discussed. Finiteranged impurity potentials and different potential strengths for different impurities are proposed to explain differences between Zn and Ni substitutions. Finally, it is concluded that our results are in favor of d-wave symmetry for tetragonal and s+d-wave symmetry for orthorhombic phase, and explain quite well the effects of nonmagnetic impurity substitutions in the high-7'c oxide superconductors. Beside these, the physical properties of the high-temperature oxide superconductors, the BdG equations and effects of nonmagnetic impurities on isotropic and anisotropic superconductors are reviewed.
Open Access
Impurity effects on superconductors and the electron-phonon interaction
(2000) Savran, Kerim
In this thesis effects of impurities on superconductors and electron-phonon interactions in metals are studied. The first part deals with the effect of magnetic impurities on superconductors. In particular, we focus on the experimental observation that the effect of magnetic impurities in a superconductor is drastically different depending on whether the host superconductor is in the crystalline or the amorphous state. Based on the recent theory of Kim and Overhauser, it is shown that as the disorder in the system increases, the initial slope of the Tc depression decreases by a factor when the mean free path I becomes smaller than the BCS coherence length which is in agreement with experimental findings. Additionally, the transition temperature Tc for a superconductor, which is in a pure crystalline state, drops sharply from about 50% of Tco (transition temperature of a pure system) to zero near the critical impurity concentration. This pure limit behavior was found in crystalline Cd by Roden and Zimmermeyer. In the second part, the effect of weak localization on electron-phonon interactions in metals is investigated. As weak localization leads to the same correction term to both conductivity and electron-phonon coupling constant A (and Xtr), the temperature dependence of the thermal electrical resistivity is decreasing as the conductivity is decreasing due to weak localization. Consequently, the temperature coefficient of resistivity (TCR) decreases, while t he residual resistivit}' increases. As the coupling constant A approaches zero, only the residual resistivity part remains and accordingly TCR becomes negative. In other words, the Mooij rule turned out to be a manifestation of weak localization correction to the conductivity and the electron-phonon interaction.
Open Access
Josephson effect in hybrid superconductor-normal metal structures
(2000) Çakır, Özgür
The clean SNS junction, with a phase difference x across the normal metal barrier and without Fermi level mismatch between the components, is modeled by a step like pair potential. The quasiclassical equations are obtained from the Gorkov equations by the elimination of crystal momenta and are valid in the existence of only the off-diagonal potential(pair potential). Then for the SNS junction, the quasiclassical Green functions are obtained. At zero temperature, in the long barrier limit(d ^ ^o)> the current is found to have a sawtooth dependence on the phase difference, the amplitude of which is inversely proportional to the thickness of the normal layer. At finite temperatures in the limits d and Tc T, the current is found to have exponential dependence on the thickness of the normal layer, T exp(—d/^7’) sin y, .where = vfI2ttT. An extension of single SNS structures is the periodic SNS structure which may as well exhibit Josephson effect. It is simulated by a periodic step-wise pair potential, where the phase of the pair potential changes by some constant value in subsequent superconducting islands. Bogoliubov equations in the semicla.ssical limit are employed, yielding the density of states(DOS). In the DOS, there appears some forbidden energy regions, which point out to a band structure.
Open Access
Many-body interaction effects in quasi-one-dimensional photo-excited electron-hole systems
(1999) Güven, Kaan
The work in this thesis concerns rnany-body interaction effects in a quasi-onedimensional electron-hole plasma, which may be generated under intense photoexcitation in a semiconductor quantum-well wire. In particular, we investigate how these interactions affect the optical properties of the semiconductor quantum wire. We address this question in two parts: First, the band-gap renormalization (BGR) induced by self-energy corrections of electrons and holes is studied. A two subband model arising from the confinement of the quantum wire is developed to include the multisubband effects. The many-body theoretical formalism of electron (hole) self-energy is given within the GW approximation. We use the dielectric function both in full dynamical random-phase approximation, and in cjuasi-static approximation, in order to emphasize the dynamical properties of screening. The dependence of BGR on the e — h plasma density, temperature and wire width is studied. In the second part, the exciton renormalization induced by e — h plasma screening, and Goulomb correlation effects on the optical spectra of a quantum wire are considered. The optical properties are directly associated with the e — h two particle propogator, which obeys the Bethe-Salpeter equation. Based on recent studies, we review the solution of this equation with screened Coulomb interaction. In particular it is shown* that the dynamical treatment of screening produces an optical absorption/luminescence spectra which is consistent with experimental results. We present a discussion on the interplay of excitons and unbound carriers and on the reflection of this interplay to the optical spectra.
Open Access
Pairing in charged-neutral fermion mixtures under an artificial magnetic field
(2012) Ünal, Fatma Nur
Bose-Einstein condensations (BEC), pairing behaviour, vortex formations in superconductivity and superfluidity are just a few examples of fascinating features of ultracold gases. In this thesis, we study charged-neutral cold atom mixtures which are obtained by placing a neutral mixture under an artificial magnetic field coupling only one of the components. We begin with two distinguishable (charged-neutral) particles on a ring trap. Charged particle gains angular momentum due to a magnetic field along the axis of the ring and we see that there is a big angular momentum transfer to neutral particle in orders of ¯h. This work is set forth to guide us in the many body problem of vortex transformation in charged-neutral superfluid mixtures. In the main part of the thesis, we examine charged-neutral fermion mixtures. Thanks to artificial magnetic fields, Cooper pairs whose only one component coupling to magnetic field can be created now. We calculate the gap equation for this system and solve for the critical temperature. We show that critical temperature decreases for the increasing magnetic field.
Open Access
Strongly correlated models of high-temperature superconductivity
(1999) Boyacı, Hüseyin
Son zamanlarda nanometrc büyüklüğündeki örneklerle ya|)dan tek ek'ktron ta.^ınma deneyleri, üstün iletkenlerin büyüklüklerinin alt sının ile ilgili soruyu yeniden gündeme getirmiştir, iler ne kadar, belirsiz tanecik sayısına dayalı standart BCS teorisi büyük örnekler için iyi sonuçlar vermekteyse de, nanometrc^ büyüklüğündeki örnekler için bu teorinin bazı temel noktalan tc^krar gözdi'iı geçirilmelidir. Bunun iıcin, sabit sayıda parçacık için bir eşleşme IIamiItoni;uı'ı, l'ernıi seviyesi etrafındaki dejenerasyon da göz önüne alınarak incelenmiştir. Dejenera.syona bağlı olarak, eşleşme etkisinin değişimi tartışılmıştır. İkinci bölümde, atomların elektron yörüngelerindeki daralmanın, eıı yakın komşular arasındaki atlama genliğine olan etkisini göz önüne alan bir ınodc'l llamiltonian üzerinde çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışma, zayıf etkileşim limitinde' analitik olarak, orta ve güçlü etkileşim limitlerinde ise sonlu bir atom geoiiK'trisinde sayısal hesaplama ile yapılmıştır. Atom sitelerindeki deşik yerleşiminin yörünge'sel daralmaya etkileri V ve W (to|)lam ve çarpım daralma terimleri) ('tkih'şim parametreleri ile verilmektedir. Çift parçacık Creen fonksiyonundaki belirsizlik noktası, kritik sıcaklık Tc’yj ve Tc üzerinde düzen parametresinin rahatlama hızı r (7 ’) ’yi belirlemektedir. Standart BCS üstımiletkenleriiıdeiı Farklı olarak, r sıfırdan farklı imajiner bir kısma sahiptir. Bu, nstiiailetkenin 7'^. lizeriıuh'ki direııciııin dalgalanmaları üzerine etki ediyor olabilir, 'lemel dnrmn ('iK'ijisi, parçacık sayısı ve manyetik akıya göre hesaplanmı.'jtır. Bir eı^leşnıe |)aramctresi olan A ,,’nin, Cooper kararsızlığı ile aynı bölgede ortaya çıktığı gösteriImiı^tiı·. llııbbard modeli {U > 0) ile yapılan hesaplar herhangi bir dolnInk değerinde hiçbir üstün iletkanlik özelliği göstermemiştir.
Open Access
Superconducting systems of low dimensionality
(1992) Gedik, M. Zafer
It is possible to call the last five years as the golden age of superconductivity. The two most important developments in the field are the discovery of copper oxide and fullerene superconductors. In this work, some possible pairing mechanisms for these materials ai’e examined by giving emphasis on the reduced dimensionality. First, an older problem, spatially separated electron-hole system, is investigated to identify the possible phases in coupled double quantum well structures in electric field. Secondly, the superconducting transition temperature and response to external magnetic fields of layered systems with varying number of layers are studied by means of a microscopic model and its GinzburgLandau version. It is also shown that an interlayer pairing mechanism, phonon assisted tunneling, can induce superconductivity. Finally, effects of the spherical structure of fullerenes are examined by solving a two fermion problem on an isolated molecule where the particles interact via a short range attractive potential. As a possible mechanism of superconductivity in alkali metal doped fullerenes, coupling between electrons and the radial vibrations of the molecule is investigated.
Open Access
Superconductivity in ultrasmall metallic grains
(2001) Bozat, Özgür