Browsing by Subject "State"

Now showing 1 - 17 of 17

Open Access
Bipolar disorder : "The West and the Rest"
(2002) Johnston, Rachel
he current ‘War on Terror’ has revitalized the language of friends and enemies, us and them, good and evil. The whole world has been forced to choose sides: are you with the terrorists or are you with the ‘freedom loving democracies’? This bipolar construct of west/rest dates back to the European expansion in the 16th century. Despite shifts in political conjunctures and alliances since then, it has persisted as an organizing principle operating on a variety of levels, as an idea, an ideology and an identity. Consistently privileging the west’s role in defining itself in opposition to its Others, the west/rest construct is a political tool with a powerful impact on how we perceive ourselves and the world. The main question this thesis poses is: can the divide inherent in the west/rest iv construct be reconciled? With the current war dividing us yet again into friends and enemies, and with Islam silently targeted as the alter-ego of terrorism, understanding the ways in which ‘the west and the rest’ dynamic has determined the boundaries of ‘us versus them’ in the past, allows us to appreciate the current role it plays in orchestrating the present. Turkey is used as an illustrative case, by examining how the construct of Islam as Other functions politically within an Islamic democracy. A tentative conclusion this thesis offers is that alternative conceptions of Islamic identity, originating from within civil society, may well provide an opportunity for reconciling the deadlock of ‘the west and the rest’ as it is expressed both inside Turkey and in the international arena.
Open Access
Civilizing process from above: culture and state in Turkey, 1923-1945
(2000) Çolak, Yılmaz
This dissertation deals with the formation of the official notion of culture during the early Republican era (1923-1945) from a historico-political perspective. This formation reflected the civilizing process from above, directed and determined by the state. The dissertation will analyze the legal and institutional bases of the discursive formation of culture by focusing on the cultural institutions of the Republic, especially the THS and the TLS. Here, the concept of culture will be examined as inherent to the state and its project, promoting the construction of an identity. The dissertation will discuss that culture in the state discourse, overlapping all expressed through civilization, denoted the modern state of mind and way of life as a high, developed category and so came to be the name of re-ordering and re-cultivating the society, taming the people and creating future-generations. Based on a hierarchical and assimilationist understanding, it was the sole means to determine the scope of the public sphere and membership to both political and cultural community. In this sense, it is inclusionary and, at the same time, exclusionary. The Kemalist notion of culture as construction has become more and more a politically contested issue, which has put its stamp on Turkish political life.
Open Access
Columnists as idea entrepreneurs in Turkey, 1983-2007 : conceptions of the state
(2016-09) Kılıç Aslan, Ayşenur
The omnipotence of the state has been a dominant theme of discussions in Turkey for a long time. Though they have been a major party to these discussions due the fact that it was newspapers and periodicals that filled the large crevice left by the late development and dissemination of scholarly books in Turkey, columnists have been sorely understudied. In an attempt to help fill this void, this study discusses ten eminent Turkish columnists’ conceptions of the state over a time period stretching from 1983 to 2007. Assuming columnists as ‘idea entrepreneurs’, who, create a sphere of influence with their ideas, and use this sphere to further create new ideas or transform existing ones thanks to networks provided by this sphere, this dissertation brings together three seemingly separate literatures on media, state and entrepreneurship. Data acquired from analysis of considerable number of columns and semi-structured elite interviews has been processed by using qualitative content analysis and archival document analysis. The data has been coded in reference to five themes: national security and survival of the state, order and stability, economy, the shrinking state, and the rule of law. This study contributes to the literature by bringing to the fore the following results: notwithstanding intensified emphasis on liberalizing state-society relations in that time period, it first shows that the statecentered ideas set the language of politics; the press deems itself as part of this statecentered language; considerable amount of columns still teetered between transcendentalism and instrumentalism in terms of their state perceptions
Restricted
Dışişleri Bakanlığından öğretim görevlisine: bir diplomatın öyküsü-Coşkun Kırca
(Bilkent University, 2020) Aybar, İpek; Onaran, Rengin; Tufan, Mustafa Ceyhun; Ortaş, Erkin Can
Ali Coşkun Kırca, 27 Mart 1927 tarihinde İstanbul’da doğdu. Şişli Terakki İlkokulu, Galatasaray Lisesi ve ardından İstanbul Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi’nde öğrenim gören Coşkun Kırca, yüksek lisansını Paris Üniversitesi’nde tamamladı. NATO daimî temsilcisi ve Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi’nde iktisat asistanlığı görevlerinde bulundu. Asistanlık görevinden istifa etmesinin akabinde önce Hürriyet Partisi’ne, daha sonra ise Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi’ne katıldı. 1960 askeri darbesinden sonra kurulan Temsilciler Meclisi’nde görev aldı ve 1961 Anayasası’nı hazırlayanlar arasında yer aldı. Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi ve Doğru Yol Partisi’nde İstanbul milletvekilliği yaptı. Türkiye’de eğitim dili Fransızca olan tek üniversite, Galatasaray Üniversitesi Kırca önderliğinde kuruldu. Türk siyasi sisteminin kusurlarını ve bu kusurlara getirdiği çözümleri ele aldığı Devlette Yozlaşmak adlı kitabını yayımladı. 51. Hükümetin Bakanlar Kurulu’nda Dışişleri Bakanı olarak görev yaptı. Forum, Akis ve Kim adlı dergilerde; Yeni Gün, Vatan, Yeni Vatan –emekliye ayrıldıktan sonra– Hürriyet, Milliyet ve Yeni Yüzyıl gazetelerinde yazılar yazdı. 24 Şubat 2005 tarihinde solunum ve kalp yetmezliği sebebiyle hayatını kaybetti.
Open Access
Formation and representation of interests in Turkish political economy : the case of MÜSİAD (Independent Industrialists' and Businessmen's Association)
(2002) Çemrek, Murat
This thesis examines the case of Müstakil Sanayici ve İşadamları DerneğiMÜSİAD [Independent Industrialists and Businessmen’s Association] to evaluate the formation and representation of interests within transformation of the Turkish political economy in the last two decades. The relatively liberalization in Turkey with further integration into the global markets led the development of civil society but it has not meant the waning of the “strong state” tradition. Thus, MÜSİAD as other Turkish business associations has been very dynamic to develop strong adaptability vis-à-vis strong state. The study benefits from Truman’s “disturbance,” Olson’s “collective action” and Salisbury’s “exchange” theories to delineate the emergence, development and mobilization of the association as well as the theories of pluralism, corporatism and clientelism to explore the essence of interest representation in Turkey. The thesis analyzes the institutional framework and organizational structure of MÜSİAD and argues that the role of Islam for the association has been quite functional providing a common bond for its members, motivation to (re)gain the markets in the Islamic world captured by non-Islamic forces and a way of moderating the labor. MÜSİAD’s reference to the East Asian model was also parallel to its Islamic discourse blended with its emphasis on moral and communitarian values. 1997 has been a turning point for MÜSİAD in its de-emphasis of its ideological pillars as Islam and East Asian economic development model. Following the economic crisis in East Asian countries and the February 28 process, MÜSİAD retreated from its references to both factors. In short, the examination of MÜSİAD is illuminating in terms of illustrating the depth and extent of the Islamic business activity in Turkey as well as the rise of new business elite that could develop a challenging culture vis-à-vis the state.
Open Access
Globalization and state transformation : the Ottoman-Turkish case
(2004) Çiçek, Özgür
This thesis analyses the transformation of the Ottoman-Turkish state under the influence of globalization in a historical context. It is an attempt for operationalization of the transformationist argument in the Globalization and state literature. The Ottoman-Turkish state had been in the process of transforming into initially modern national state then a modern nation state during the era of first and second globalizations. Now, in the face of third globalization, it is in the process of transforming into a liberal democratic state.
Open Access
Human rights movements in Soviet Russia (1969-1980) : ideas, norms and the state
(2008) Demirtaş, Melih
This thesis attempts to shed light on the difficulties of defending the international norms of the idea of human rights against the dominance of the state and its interests, which are explained essentially by the rationalists and the political realists in domestic and international affairs, by focusing the clash between the Soviet state and the Soviet (Russian) dissidents throughout the détente period (1969-1980). The history of prominent dissident activities in Soviet Russia began during the deStalinization period under the Khrushchev administration (1956-1964). However, the human rights movement in the Soviet Union was affected to a great extent by the international environment in 1970s during which time norms became more significant in bilateral relations, and human rights-idea began to constitute the source of a normative challenge to pure rationalist/realist explanations based on power, selfinterest and anarchy. In this regard, the primary purpose of adopting a constructivist perspective regarding the internationalization of human rights is to analyze the dissidence activities nurtured by the international norms and principles of human rights in Soviet Russia. Thus, the impacts of oppositions and responses supported by domestic and international factors within the state can be understood congruent with the policy changes, continuities, and stalemates. While the Soviet state’s fundamental response to these activities is interpreted as an amalgam of ideology, a priori principles and state-interests, the main argument of this thesis does not challenge the explanatory power of the rationalist/realist line in comprehending the dominance of the state over the dissidents and human rights defenders.
Open Access
The impact of the European Union on the modern nation-state
(2000) Karatekelioğlu, Petek
This thesis analyzes, the transformations that occur in the modern nation-state in Europe as a result of the process of European integration. In the history of Europe, if a first historical conjuncture is the Westphalian Settlement which had established the basic grounds upon which the modem nation-state has been founded, a second one is the actualization of the European integration process. This thesis explores the transformations on the modern nation-state by focusing on the principle of sovereignty. The impact of the European Union is analyzed both in terms of the integration processes and in terms of the attempts to cope with the regional disparities within the Union. A latent attempt is to situate the exploration within the context of the process of globalization.
Restricted
Mersin Devlet Opera ve Balesinin kuruluşu ve etkinlikleri
(Bilkent University, 2023) Şenormanlılar, Can; Hoşafçı, Berkay; Kızıltaş, Alparslan; Güneş, Nihat; Başıbüyük, Muhammed Furkan
Opera ve bale, toplumların ve milletlerin sanatsal açıdan gelişmesinde her zaman önemli bir rol üstlenmektedir. Türkiye’de de bu sanat dallarının icra edilmesi önem taşımaktadır. Biz de bu çalışmamızda öncelikle opera ve balenin ne olduğundan ve Türkiye’ye nasıl taşındığından kısaca bahsetmekteyiz. Daha sonrasında ise Mersin Devlet Opera ve Balesinin kuruluşu, tarih içerisinde maruz kaldığı değişimi, içerisinde bulundurduğu sanatçıları ve gerçekleştirdiği gösterileri ve elde edilen ulusal ve uluslararası başarıları detaylı bir biçimde yazıya aktarmış bulunmaktayız.
Open Access
Reading Carl Schmitt: a theory of the state
(2000) Şahin, Yelda
This thesis critically analyses some selected works of Carl Schmitt in order to open up new debates in the theory of state. The nature of the state and the ways through which it governs society is the main theme that has been dealt with in this thesis. Carl Schmitt's theoretical concepts are examined and interpreted with respect to this question on the state. This thesis argues that Carl Schmitt's theory of the state provides political theory with new theoretical insights in studying the actual life of the state and his concepts are worth analysing to understand how modern societies are governed.
Open Access
The role of natural resources during the state building process : the case of Iraq
(2009) Tulun, Teoman Ertuğrul
This thesis evaluates the relevance of natural resources during the state building process. In order to achieve its aim the thesis provides the reader with the relevant definitions. These include the definitions of state, nation building and state building. The thesis looks at the theories of state building. These are the Fast- Track Democratization, Security Firsters and Slow Democratization. It then provides the historical and current context of state building activities. It covers state building and the major state building actors since the end of World War One. Germany, Japan, Vietnam, Belgian Congo, and Bosnia as well as the role of United Nations, the United States of America and the European Countries and institutions are briefly given as examples of state building in different historical periods. This is continued by the analyses of state building activities in Iraq, from its inception until today. The case of Iraq is used to analyze the relevance of natural resources in the state building process. In conclusion, this thesis demonstrates that natural resources play an important role in Iraq´s state building process while a success depends on how the distribution, management and ownership of oil and gas resources will evolve.
Open Access
Self-consistent computation of electronic and optical properties of a single exciton in a spherical quantum dot via matrix diagonalization method
(American Institute of Physics, 2009-08-21) Sahin, M.; Nizamoglu, S.; Kavruk, A. E.; Demir, Hilmi Volkan
In this study, we develop and demonstrate an efficient self-consistent calculation schema that computes the electronic structure and optical properties of a single exciton in a spherical quantum dot (QD) with an interacting pair of electron and hole wave functions. To observe modifications on bands, wave functions, and energies due to the attractive Coulomb potential, the full numeric matrix diagonalization technique is employed to determine sublevel energy eigenvalues and their wave functions in effective mass approximation. This treatment allows to observe that the conduction and valance band edges bend, that the electron and hole wave functions strongly localize in the QD, and that the excitonic energy level exhibits redshift. In our approach for the Coulomb term between electron and hole, the Poisson-Schrodinger equations are solved self-consistently in the Hartree approximation. Subsequently, exciton binding energies and associated optical properties are computed. The results are presented as a function of QD radii and photon energies. We conclude that all of these numerical results are in agreement with the experimental studies.
Open Access
"Septemvriiche" newspaper as a visual representation of the state-party-art-culture relations in Bulgaria 1946-1993
(2002) Pecheva, Tania Ivanova
This study lays in the general fields of “arts and politics” and “arts and state” relationships. These indisputably broad fields are restricted in this work by concentrating on a specific historical period (1946-1993), on a particular country (Bulgaria) and an actual event – the existence of “Septemvriiche” newspaper. In the first half of the work, the reader is introduced to the general historical and political circumstances and artistic events of the time. Consequently, the relations between the state and the party from one side and the sphere of art and culture from the other are shown by concentrating on the visual and textual appearance of “Septemvriiche” newspaper and the particular political and historical facts reflected on its pages.
Open Access
Systematic incorporation of ionic hard-core size into the Debye-Huckel theory via the cumulant expansion of the Schwinger-Dyson equations
(American Chemical Society, 2024-03-22) Büyükdağlı, Şahin
The Debye–Hückel (DH) formalism of bulk electrolytes equivalent to the Gaussian-level closure of the electrostatic Schwinger–Dyson identities without the interionic hard-core (HC) coupling is extended via the cumulant treatment of these equations augmented by HC interactions. By comparing the monovalent ion activity and pressure predictions of our cumulant-corrected DH (CCDH) theory with hypernetted-chain results and Monte Carlo simulations from the literature, we show that this rectification extends the accuracy of the DH formalism from submolar to molar salt concentrations. In the case of internal energies or the general case of divalent electrolytes mainly governed by charge correlations, the improved accuracy of the CCDH theory is limited to submolar ion concentrations. Comparison with experimental data from the literature shows that, via the adjustment of the hydrated ion radii, CCDH formalism can equally reproduce the nonuniform effect of salt increment on the ionic activity coefficients up to molar concentrations. The inequality satisfied by these HC sizes coincides with the cationic branch of the Hofmeister series.
Open Access
Transformation of Islamist political thought in Turkey from the empire to the early republic (1980-1960) : Necip Fazıl Kısakürek's political ideas
(2001) Duran, Burhanettin
This thesis aims at situating the transformation of Turkish Islamist thought from the Ottoman empire to the early Republic as a case study within the contemporary analyses of Islamism. Islamist thought in Turkey contains new elements, but it also has deep roots in the tradition of Islamic political thought. As such by devotion to the traditional renewal (tajdid), it reflects a continuing dimension of Islamic political theory. It is also important to understand the specific intellectual settings within which Turkish Islamism has evolved. Islamist depictions of state and democracy whether in the Empire through Islamist identification of shura with constitutional regime or in the Republican period through Necip Fazıl Kısakürek’s totalitarian Başyücelik State, seem to be influenced by the political ideologies of their times such as liberal constitutionalism (in the Empire), and totalitarian aspects of communism, fascism, and Kemalism (in the Republic). Hence, Islamists of the second constitutional period perceived Islam a “soft ideology” whereas Islam became a kind of “hard ideology” in Kısakürek’s formulation, determining every aspect of political, societal and individual life. These analyses are also related to another argument that the tradition of Islamic political thought is open to different Islamist readings, both as authoritarian/totalitarian formulations and as democratic openings. This study also argues that Islamist intellectuals have a tendency of mixing modern notions such as progress and ideology with traditional material/grammar to face the challenge of western modernity. In order to reach an Islamic modernity, the concept of Islamic civilization constitutes a platform for the transformation and interaction of the elements of continuity (traditional grammar) and change (progress and ideology). This dissertation also suggests that Islamists are basically keen to see democracy as the limitation of an arbitrary/despotic rule and as the establishment of the rule of law, implying a rather Schumpeterian conceptualization of democracy: a type of government and procedure in electing those who rule people. The question of whether Islam is compatible with democratic values should be reworded in the way that whether Islamist interpretations/reconstructions of Islamic tradition were/are compatible with democratic values or not. This thesis also tries to give an insight about the Islamist stance towards Kemalist ideology and the impact of Kemalism on Islamism.
Restricted
Türkiye’de kadınlara yönelik içerik yayıncılığı: Kadın gazetesi
(Bilkent University, 2020) Gökçe, Bahar Cemre; Kurnaz, Doğukan Ertunga; Çil, Havva; Kalkan, Helin; Yeniay, Muhammet Yağız
Kadınların toplum içerisinde üstlendiği roller sıklıkla değişmektedir. Bu nedenle devlet politikalarının ve hakim zihniyetin değişim ve gelişim süreci, kadının aldığı roller üzerinden incelenebilmektedir. Türkiye’de II. Meşrutiyet ile başlayan kadınların toplumsal hayata katılım süreci, günümüzde de birçok tartışmaya konu olan aktif bir politik süreçtir. Bununla birlikte, kadınların sosyal ve siyasi hayata katılımının azlığının sıklıkla dile getirilmesine karşın, bu sorunun kökenlerine ve, sosyal medya platformlarının yüksek erişilebilirlik ve önem kazandığı bir dönemde, medyanın toplumsal cinsiyet algısını ve kimliğini nasıl etkilediğine dair çalışmalar nadirdir. 1947-79 yılları arasında yayınlanmış olan Kadın Gazetesini odak alan bu araştırma, Gazetenin içeriğini ve Türk Kadınlar Birliği altındaki çalışmalarını inceleyerek kadınlara yönelik içerik yayıncılığının değişen sosyoekonomik ve sosyopolitik dinamikler ile birlikte kadınların sosyal hayata katılımı, haklarının genişletilmesi ve uygulanması, ve kadın çalışmaları, kadınların işgücüne katılımı, aldıkları sosyal sorumluluklar, kişisel ve profesyonel tercihleri üzerindeki etkisini ve bu etkilerin toplum üzerindeki yansımalarına ışık tutmayı amaçlamaktadır.
Open Access
Yirmibirinci yüzyılda savaşı tartışmak: Clausewitz yeniden
(Uluslararası İlişkiler Konseyi Derneği, 2011) Karaosmanoğlu, Ali L.
Soğuk Savaştan sonra uluslararası sistemin büyük değişiklik geçirmesi, etnik ve dinsel kökenli farklılaşmaların savaşlarda ilkel nefret ve şiddeti yaygınlaştırması, transnasyonal nitelik kazanan devlet olmayan birimlerin savaşlarda taraf olmaları, devletin görelileşmesi ve demokratik değerlerin ağırlık kazanması, savaşın doğasının değiştiği konusunda tartışmalara yol açtı. Savaş kavramının önemli ölçüde değiştiğini ileri sürenler savlarını Carl von Clausewitz’i eleştirerek temellendirmekte ve onun kuramının “yeni” savaşları anlama ve açıklama noktasında büyük ölçüde geçerliğini kaybettiğini ileri sürmektedirler. Bu makalenin temel iddiası ise şudur: Yeni savaşlar bazı değişiklikler göstermektedir. Fakat bu değişiklikler savaşın doğasını etkileyecek derinlikte değildir. Clausewitz’in sunduğu kavramsal çerçeve büyük ölçüde geçerlidir. Savaşları kontrol altına alabilmek ve çözüme kavuşturabilmek için geliştirilecek siyasi ve stratejik tercihlerin de, Clausewitzci bir yorumla değerlendirilmesinde uygulanabilirlik yönünden yarar vardır.