Browsing by Subject "Standard"

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Open Access
Form and part through standard / non‐standard duality
(2017-09) Kınayoğlu, Gökhan
This thesis formulates its research through a two‐fold approach: it introduces a novel algorithm, but first it establishes the relationship model through which the assessment of the algorithm should be made. It discusses the intrinsic relation of “form” and “part” in architecture, through the analysis of concepts “standard” and “non‐standard.” The form is the overall shape of an object and part is the numerous constituents of form. “Standard” ‐which is a central trait for architecture‐ and “nonstandard” ‐a later introduction to architecture‐ consisting of various formal alternatives, are included for their important formal and constructional characteristics. All four concepts are studied in their historical contexts and in relation to secondary themes, like tectonics, mass‐production, and masscustomization. Simple essential techniques and various geometric formations in architecture are also covered through built examples to further demonstrate the aspects of “standard” and “non‐standard,” in terms of “form” and “part.” Based on these four concepts, a quadripartite relation is established. The relationship model formulates a significant interpretation and interrelation of the four concepts, hence creates an analytical framework. Through the findings of the quadripartite relation’s last partition, an algorithm is devised. The algorithm can generate various alternative infrastructure models for surfaces of revolution through several parameters. The findings demonstrate essential advantages in terms of standardization, material use, simplicity and ease of assembly. The algorithm can be altered slightly to adapt to other three partitions.
Open Access
Systems biology graphical notation: process description language Level 1 Version 2.0
(De Gruyter, 2019) Rougny, A.; Touré, V.; Moodie, S.; Balaur, I.; Czauderna, T.; Borlinghaus, H.; Doğrusöz, Uğur; Mazein, A.; Dräger, A.; Blinov, M. L.; Villéger, A.; Haw, R.; Demir, E.; Mi, H.; Sorokin, A.; Schreiber, F.; Luna, A.
The Systems Biology Graphical Notation (SBGN) is an international community effort that aims to standardise the visualisation of pathways and networks for readers with diverse scientific backgrounds as well as to support an efficient and accurate exchange of biological knowledge between disparate research communities, industry, and other players in systems biology. SBGN comprises the three languages Entity Relationship, Activity Flow, and Process Description (PD) to cover biological and biochemical systems at distinct levels of detail. PD is closest to metabolic and regulatory pathways found in biological literature and textbooks. Its well-defined semantics offer a superior precision in expressing biological knowledge. PD represents mechanistic and temporal dependencies of biological interactions and transformations as a graph. Its different types of nodes include entity pools (e.g. metabolites, proteins, genes and complexes) and processes (e.g. reactions, associations and influences). The edges describe relationships between the nodes (e.g. consumption, production, stimulation and inhibition). This document details Level 1 Version 2.0 of the PD specification, including several improvements, in particular: 1) the addition of the equivalence operator, subunit, and annotation glyphs, 2) modification to the usage of submaps, and 3) updates to clarify the use of various glyphs (i.e. multimer, empty set, and state variable).