Browsing by Subject "Spain"
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Item Open Access A comparative analysis of clientelism in Greece, Spain, and Turkey: the rural–urban divide(Routledge, 2016) Cinar, K.This article examines the evolution of patron–client relationships in Greece, Spain, and Turkey through the prism of the rural–urban divide. It traces which modes of clientelism (rural or urban) are more evident in these countries today, and why. Further, it finds that in rural modes of clientelism, normative bonds of deference and loyalty with a Weberian notion of ‘traditional authority’ and affective ties between political patrons and clients are more observable whereas urban modes of clientelism usually yield Downsian competition between political machines with more coercive motives. It suggests that these two notions of clientelism are not mutually exclusive but should rather be seen in a continuum. More generally, this article demonstrates the need in the existing literature for more contextualized analyses that take into account differences between socioeconomic and geographical antecedents of rural vs. urban clientelism and their divergent political reflections. © 2015 Taylor & Francis.Item Restricted Dali aramızda(1989) Coşkun, Ali OsmanItem Open Access Rights and democratic accountability : a comparative study on irregular immigration in Greece, Spain and Turkey(Bilkent University, 2012) Şenses, NazlıThis research is a comparative politics study, focusing on the particular irregular immigration policies and politics of three countries: Greece, Spain and Turkey. The research is concerned with the extent of the rights irregular immigrants can „enjoy‟ in the democratic states where they reside and work. The study questions if there is a divergence or convergence among Greece, Spain and Turkey in the way they treat irregular immigrants in relation to the recognition of these immigrants‟ fundamental human rights. The study also questions whether or not civil society participation and judicial review, as democratic accountability mechanisms, can also function as liberal constraints on the state in its regulation of irregular immigration and immigrants‟ rights. The theoretical basis of the study derives partly from the comparative politics literature on accountability and state society relations, and partly from the literature on immigration policy-making. The main reason for comparing Greece, Spain and Turkey is because the countries display certain immigration relevant similarities arising from geographical proximity, but also they have distinct patterns of policies when it comes to protective measures concerning immigrants. As part of the research, a documentary analysis of relevant policy documents, such as reports of civil society organizations, policy briefs, and immigration laws and regulations was conducted. In a comparative analysis of this documentary data, the study sought to identify the similarities and differences between the policies of Greece, Spain and Turkey relating to the recognition and protection of irregular immigrants‟ rights. In addition, in-depth interviews with experts on immigration policy in Greece, Spain and Turkey were also conducted. The goal of the interviews was to find out to what extent democratic accountability mechanisms at a national level, such as the activism of pro-migrant organizations, human rights groups, trade unions and other civil society organizations, together with court decisions, influence the state‟s protection of the rights of irregular immigrants.Item Open Access A struggle for survival: genoese diplomacy with the sublime porte in the face of Spanish and French opposition(Brill Academic Publishers, 2019) Mercan, F. ÖzdenDuring the sixteenth century Genoa became a significant ally of the Habsburg Empire. Shared political, commercial, financial, and strategic factors tied the Genoese patricians firmly to Spain. However, their alliance was by no means permanent. The relations between the Genoese and the Spanish crown were not without tensions and conflict. In the mid-sixteenth century, the combination of various factors set the stage for Genoa to reconfigure its alliances in the Mediterranean. Having fallen victim to the Habsburg and Valois conflict and being torn between the two, Genoa was forced to resort to an alternative imperial power, the Ottoman Empire, to protect its integrity and independence, as well as to engage in the Levant trade. This article focuses on this moment of crisis in Genoa and analyzes how it led the Genoese to consider shifting their alliance from the Habsburgs to the Ottomans, who were the former’s most compelling rival in the Mediterranean. Although the Genoese endeavor ultimately ended in failure, the idea of a potential alliance with the Ottomans and the efforts Genoa invested in its diplomatic negotiations provides insight into the strategies a small state used to survive at a time when imperial rivalry over the Mediterranean was escalating.Item Restricted Tarihin deniz feneri: Muzaffer Arıkan(Bilkent University, 2021) Kurban, Emir; Keskin, Melih Fazıl; Topçuoğlu, Serra İrem; Özırmak, Musa MertcemProf. Dr. Muzaffer Arıkan, İspanyol-Türk ilişkileri ve Türk Denizcilik Tarihi alanları başta olmak üzere pek çok alanda çalışmış ancak hak ettiği değeri görememiş önemli bir tarihçidir. Mezun olduğu Ankara Üniversitesinde akademisyen olarak görev alan Prof. Dr. Arıkan, bu üniversitedeki Türk-İspanyol Kürsüsü’nü ve İspanyol Dili ve Edebiyatı bölümünün kurucusudur. Madrid Otonom Üniversitesinde de çalışmalar yapmış, orada Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümünü kurmuştur. İspanyol kültürünün Türk milletine tanıtılması açısından oynadığı önemli rol sebebiyle kendisine İspanya Kraliyet Yüksek Liyakat Nişanı ve Katolik Isabella’nın Nişanı verilmiştir. Türkiye’deki yıllarında Türk Tarih Kurumunda da görev almıştır. Bunların dışında; Bodrum Meteor Koyu civarında yaptığı ağaçlandırma çalışmaları, bir İspanyol şehriyle Bodrum’u kardeş şehir ilan etme projesi, Ankara Kulübü üyeliği, Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih Coğrafya Fakültesi Mezun ve Müntesipleri Derneği kuruculuğu ve başkanlığı, Ankara’da buğday üretimi yapan çiftçiler için bir kooperatif kuruculuğu gibi pek çok çalışmayla topluma ve sosyal hayata katkı sağlamıştır.