Browsing by Subject "Social behavior"

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Open Access
Common knowledge and state-dependent equilibria
(Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2012) Dalkıran, Nuh Aygun; Hoffman, M.; Paturi, R.; Ricketts, D.; Vattani, A.
Many puzzling social behaviors, such as avoiding eye contact, using innuendos, and insignificant events that trigger revolutions, seem to relate to common knowledge and coordination, but the exact relationship has yet to be formalized. Herein, we present such a formalization. We state necessary and sufficient conditions for what we call state-dependent equilibria - equilibria where players play different strategies in different states of the world. In particular, if everybody behaves a certain way (e.g. does not revolt) in the usual state of the world, then in order for players to be able to behave a different way (e.g. revolt) in another state of the world, it is both necessary and sufficient for it to be common p-believed that it is not the usual state of the world, where common p-belief is a relaxation of common knowledge introduced by Monderer and Samet [16]. Our framework applies to many player r-coordination games - a generalization of coordination games that we introduce - and common (r,p)-beliefs - a generalization of common p-beliefs that we introduce. We then apply these theorems to two particular signaling structures to obtain novel results. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.
Open Access
Discrimination against teenagers in the mall environment: a case from Ankara, Turkey
(Libra Publishers, 2009-02) Mugan, G.; Erkip, F.
Teenagers spend much of their leisure time at shopping malls which is a result of factors such as parental constraint due to the incivility of the streets, financial dependence, and limited financial resources. Migros, a shopping mall in Ankara was chosen as the sit for this research wiht the main purpose of studying discrimination patterns against teenagers in the mall environment. The research was carried out through observation and in-depth interviews with 104 teenagers. Results indicate that, although they have some complaints, most of the teenagers do not perceive discrimination in the mall, unlike their foreign counterparts.