Browsing by Subject "Slavery"

Now showing 1 - 9 of 9

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12 Years A Slave
(2013-01-24) Ridley, John, 1965-
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1923-1964 kölelikten evlatlık kavramına geçiş ve Afro-Türkler üzerinden incelenmesi
(Bilkent University, 2020) Yalçın, Talya; Aladı, Tuğçe; Işık, Elif Sena; Duymuş, Kevser Naz; Midilli, Aybala Dilşad
Kölelik kavramı çok eski bir kavramdır. Köleler, sosyal hayatlarında normal insanlardan statü olarak daha düşük görülmektedir. Zaman içerisinde bu olgu neredeyse tamamen yok olmakla birlikte toplumlar üzerindeki etkileri hala görülebilmektedir. Osmanlı Devleti'ndeki kölelik olgusu Atlantik köleliğinden daha farklıydı. Statü olarak köleler ile diğer insanlar arasındaki fark daha azdı. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin kurulmasıyla birlikte kölelik kaldırılmış ve yerini evlatlık kurumu almıştır. Evlatlığın köleliğin yerini almasıyla beraber köleler ailenin bir ferdi olarak görülmeye başlandı. Fakat bu evlatlık alınan çocuklar ailenin normal çocuklarından farklı yetiştirilmekte hatta bazen ev işçileri olarak çalıştırılmaktaydılar. 1964 yılı itibariyle kölelik ve evlatlık gibi benzer uygulamaların tamamı Türkiye'de kaldırılmıştır. Fakat Osmanlı Devleti'ne köle olarak gelen Afrika kökenli birçok insan bulunmaktaydı ve bu insanların çoğu günümüzde halen Türkiye'de hayatlarını sürdürmektedirler. Aslen Afrika kökenli, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti vatandaşı olan bu kişilere Afro-Türk denilmektedir. Bazı Afro-Türk aileler, eski nesillerde köle, sonrasında evlatlık olarak Türkiye'de yaşamışlardır. Toplumların dayattığı sınıf farkı ve ırkçılık gibi olgulardan seneler boyu etkilenmişlerdir. Kölelik ve evlatlık kavramlarının kaldırılmasıyla şu anda normal hayatlarına devam etmektedirler. Fakat bu kavramların etkileri az da olsa günümüzde hala görülebilmektedir.
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Afrikadam İzmire bir serüven: Hasköy
(Bilkent University, 2023) Apaydın, Nazlı; Demirören, Kerem; İpek, Afra Nur; Sari, Farabi Sina; Yıldız, Mert
Bu metinde; Osmanlı İmparatorluğu dönemindeki kölelik sistemi mirası, Afro-Türk topluluğunun Cumhuriyet sonrasındaki yaşamları üzerindeki etkileriyle birlikte Hasköy özelinde ele alınmaktadır. Cumhuriyet dönemi boyunca Afro-Türklerin karşılaştığı sosyal, ekonomik ve kültürel zorluklar, metnin ana odak noktalarını oluşturmaktadır. Kölelik hukuku ve yasalarının Cumhuriyet döneminde nasıl evrildiği, Afro-Türklerin yerleşim süreçleri ve bu süreçlerin topluluk üzerindeki etkileri incelenmektedir. Cumhuriyet sonrası Afro-Türk topluluğunun İzmir'e entegrasyonu, kültürel kimliklerini koruma çabaları ve Türk toplumuyla etkileşimleri, Hasköy özelinde incelenmiş ve köy sakini Güngör Delibaş ile yapılan röportajla desteklenmiştir. Sosyoekonomik açıdan, Afro-Türklerin Cumhuriyet sonrasında yaşadığı yerel ekonomik koşullar ve bu koşulların topluluk üzerindeki yansımaları ele alınmaktadır. Ayrıca, Afro-Türklerin Türk toplumu içerisindeki yerleri ve bu süreçte geçirdikleri değişimler, metinde detaylı bir şekilde tartışılmaktadır.
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Diplomatic encounters between the Venetians and the Ottomans in case of captivity (1560-1590)
(2023-01) Nalçacı Baş, Nida Nebahat
This dissertation is about the transformation of the legal, economic and social status of captives taken during the wars between the Ottomans and Venetians. It also covers how the events between 1560-1590 affected both countries' and the Mediterranean's history. This study argues that the political, military, and economic interaction between the Republic of Venice and the Ottoman Empire profoundly affected the history of slavery in the Mediterranean. This dissertation focuses mainly on these two states. The changes in the status of war captives and slaves through the years were studied, along with the changes caused by the establishment of Ottoman domination in the region. After the emergence of the Ottomans, a regional power, it took a long time for the Venetian Republic, a European state with active commercial operations both in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea, to develop a reflex for liberating her subjects from captivity. While other states usually outsourced their liberation operations to religious institutions, Venice used her government agencies for such purposes. But as the number of Venetians increased steadily, they introduced some regulations. By tracking the transformation of such practices, this study contributes to the historiography of the Early Modern Mediterranean. This dissertation argues that the War in Cyprus in 1570 was a major turning point during the aforementioned transformation. The events that occurred during and after the war significantly affected the law of war captives and slaves through social, economic, and military means.
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Globalization and economics
(Oxford University Press, 2016) Çelikkol, Ayşe; John, J.
Facing rapid capitalist expansion in the nineteenth century, Britons reflected on the webs of commercial exchange in which they were embedded. Focusing on John Stuart Mill’s notion of the perpetual reproduction of capital alongside literary forms and tropes (Gothicism, mythological imagery, the theme of speculation, and treasure-hunt plots), this essay explores Victorian global consciousness. The past employment of slave labour in the colonies haunted the Victorians, who were also increasingly alarmed by finance capitalism’s reliance on abstractions. Cosmopolitan sympathy for the nation’s trading partners flourished in literature alongside the effort to obscure the foreign sources of the nation’s wealth.
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Margaret Fuller's Rome and the problem of provincial American democracy
(Routledge, 2006) Roberts, T. M.
Margaret Fuller's visit to Italy as a correspondent for the New York Tribune at the time of the 1848 revolutions gave her a unique perspective on them, not only as a feminist intellectual but also as a commentator on the American relationship with revolutionary Europe. In her Tribune writings she addressed issues at once more partisan and more global than those she had covered inside the United States, including the political condition of Italy as a subject state under Austrian imperial control, and as an object of ridicule by many American observers, and the condition of American slavery. Italian peoples and slaves, in her mind, were, like women, oppressed by a transatlantic patriarchy whose prejudices allowed only for white males to enjoy political independence. Fuller called for American support for the Roman republic, but her sympathies did not reflect the thrust of American opinion. Many Americans did not believe Italians were capable of maintaining republican self-government, which was different, they alleged, from their own version, part of the inheritance of the American Revolution. That heritage conferred a unique American revolutionary 'exceptionalism'. For these Americans, the 1848 revolutions provided evidence that Europe was impulsive, reactionary and flawed; they saw in them confirmation of the superiority of American race relations and democratic society. After her death in 1850, the American Civil War would confirm Fuller's implicit sense that the United States and Europe were more alike than many Americans of her generation believed or realized. Her critique of American attitudes to the prospect for democracy in Italy provides perspective on the ambiguity of American global leadership today.
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Osmanlı toplum yaşayışıyla ilgli belgeler-bilgiler: Kölelik, : Bir İngiliz raporuna Göre Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nda Kölelik
(1984)
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Ottoman corsairs in the Central Mediterranean and the slave trade in the 16th century
(2021-08) Karzek, Saim Anıl
This thesis aims to analyze the Ottoman corsairs and their role in the slave trade in the 16th century Mediterranean, and it concentrates on the corsair activity around the central Mediterranean during Suleiman I's reign. The historiography chiefly emphasizes the corsairs as an apparatus, a war-machine of the Imperial Navy (Donanma-yı Hümâyûn) against the Habsburg Empire. Moreover, scholars have given their primary attention to the political rivalry between the Habsburg and the Ottoman households, and the corsair concept lacks a social and economic consideration. Therefore, this study predominantly reevaluates this approach by focusing on the Ottoman corsairs' social and economic aspects, such as the slave trade carried out for the Sublime Porte. The research investigates the Ottoman-Venetian disputes due to the corsair activities through archival documents. Southern Italy and Sicily, under Habsburg rule, were open to direct threats throughout the constant wars between Spain, France, and the Ottoman Empire, and many people were reduced to slavery and sold in slave markets. Although the corsair activity around the Iberian-peninsula and the North Africa have been examined, the Adriatic coast should need more recognition by the researchers.
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Treachery of silence: usage of pro- and anti-slavery rhetoric as a political propaganda in 18th- and 19th-century revolutions
(2021-08) Öztürk, Bengin Eser
From the 18th century onwards, slavery held a consistent place in the Western intellectual heritage. American, Haitian and Greek Revolutionaries used the term slavery to describe their conditions under the colonial powers they were living in. According to their ideological and intellectual position, we can analyze how slavery was used in different ways. This research aims to explore how pro-slavery advocates used rhetoric linked to slavery to bolster their racial prejudices towards the Haitian revolutionaries and the Ottoman Empire. It underlines that due to their intellectual foundation, some Western intellectuals chose to retain hierarchies regarding Black individuals. On the other hand, some Western intellectuals chose to aid Greek revolutionaries due to their disenfranchised conditions under the Ottoman Empire.