Browsing by Subject "Sinop"

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Open Access
Chemical characterization and provenance studies of archeological samples
(2003) Türkmen, Işık Rıza
Data that is collected by chemical analyses of the archeological samples can be used to find out the the raw materials used and the techniques practiced in the ancient pottery production. In addition, provenance studies of archeological samples that are commercially important may give an idea on the commercial relationships between the past civilizations. This study was conducted to investigate the chemical compositions and provenance of the amphora samples that are found around Sinop and Heraclea Pontica (Black Sea Coast) in Turkey, Ibn-Hani (Eastern Mediterranean Coast) in Syria, Tanais and Gorgippia on Northern Black Sea region of Russia. Some amphorae, which are morphologically similar to those of Colchian amphorae, but having apparently distinctive clay properties, are called Pseudo-Colchian, and they were also analyzed during the studies. The mineral compositions of the samples were found out by powder X-Ray Diffraction analyses, and the elemental compositions were sought by X-Ray Fluorescence spectroscopy. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis are applied to the data collected from XRF measurements for the provenance classification of the samples. The results obtained from both statistical methods complemented each others and were in good agreement. According to the results of this study, the pink clay, red clay and white clay amphorae from Sinop are all found to be composed of the minerals quartz, feldspars, pyroxenes, calcite and hematite, but varying in amounts with respect to type and color. Considering the mineralogical compositions, it is proposed that the average baking temperature of the red clay amphorae is around 800 – 850 o C whereas it is around 950 o C for the white clay ones. The red color observed for the red clay Sinopean amphorae was attributed to the presence of hematite minerals. On the other hand white color was attributed to the formation of mineral phases such as pyroxenes, throughout the chemical reactions that take place in the clay matrix at higher baking tempertures and low oxidation environments for the white clay Sinopean amphorae. In provenance classification of the samples, it was found that the separations between the samples occur mainly due to variations in the concentration of elements Ca, Fe, Ti, Ni, Rb and Sr. White clay amphorae from Antioch and Ibn Hani, and the red clay carrot type amphora from Tanais are found to be the Sinopean production. On the other hand, the white clay amphorae from Tanais was found to be more similar to the ones from Heraclea Pontica and different from those of Sinop. The colchian amphorae from Gorgippia and Pseudo-Colchian amphorae were found to represent typical differences from all other samples, but also from each others.
Open Access
Chemical characterization of Sinopean archaeological common ware
(2004) Özal, Tuğba Arzu
Chemical characterization of archaeological common wares is important in order to make quantitative explanations about history and trade relations of nations. Chemistry uses a microscopic point of view by applying spectroscopic methods rather than macroscopic studies that archaeologists usually deal in the structural analysis. The present study is done on the common ware samples which were made of raw clays from Demirci, Sinop, Black Sea Coast of Turkey, because of the geopolitical importance of this region having trade routes. Elemental and mineralogical analyses of the clay-originated common ware samples found in the archaeological excavations and of the clay taken from Demirci region, which locates at almost 15 km southern of Sinop, were made. While the elemental compositions of the samples were obtained by the spectroscopic method, X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), the mineral structures were investigated by Powder XRay Diffraction (PXRD) and Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT-IR) spectroscopic method. Furthermore, the characteristic reactions (dehydroxylation, decomposition, transformation) that the clays experienced between the temperatures 50 and 1000 o C were determined by Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). Characterizations of the Sinopean samples were made and the similarity and differences between other samples from different regions were investigated. Besides the provenance characterization, the distinctions between the production and firing techniques were observed. In addition to the experimental studies, chemometric techniques using statistical methods such as the standard clustering method and principal component analysis (PCA) was also applied to identify the groupings in the set of samples. As a result of this study, it is observed that the raw clays and ceramic samples have minerals of montmorillonite, quartz, feldspars, pyroxene, calcite and hematite at different amounts. From the mineralogical and elemental data, it is concluded that the color variations are resulted from the calcium element occurring in pyroxene mineral. In the light colored samples, amount of this element and mineral is high whereas it is low in red colored ones. From the interpretation of elemental data by statistical methods, it is observed that a classification among the Demirci samples is possible according to the function of the pottery. In addition, classification among ceramics from two different regions is possible by the interpretation of chemical analysis, even though the ceramics have the same morphological properties of the same period.
Open Access
Étude du matériel amphorique de la zone A et de la zone B
(Institut Français d'Études Anatoliennes, 2010) Kassab-Tezgör, Dominique; Kassab-Tezgör, Dominique
Restricted
Kerim Korcan "Patrona destanı"nı bitirdi
(1983) Balcıoğlu, Şahap
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Sinop Tuslog Det 4 Radar Üssü
(Bilkent University, 2020) Durdağı, Mert Anıl; Özer, Enis; Taşcı, Oğuzhan; Sümer, Kübra; Kurt, Sefa Nur
Tuslog det 4 üssü (Diyojen Üssü) 1952 yılında Sinop’ta açılmıştır. Üssün açılma sebebi radar ile Sovyetler Birliğinin dinlenmesidir. 1992 yılında kapatılana kadar faaliyetlerini sürdürmüştür. Sinop’ta uzun yıllar varlığını sürdürmesi sebebiyle Sinop’ta ekonomik ve kültürel değişimler yaratmıştır. Makalede üste çalışan yabancı personelin günlük yaşamı, profili ve Türkiye’ye gelmeden önceki ön yargıları incelenirken, personelin günlüklerinden ve hafızalarında kalanını aktardıkları blog yazıları kullanılmıştır. Yerli halkın üsle, üsteki personelle ve Sinop’a olan etkisiyle ilgili düşüncelerini almak için üste çalışmış veya o dönemde Sinop’ta yaşamış insanlarla röportaj yapılmıştır. Makalenin en sonunda ise üssün akıbeti aktarılmıştır.