Browsing by Subject "Sensor arrays"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4

Open Access
Artificial nose : identification of volatile organic molecules with optofluidic photonic Bragg fibers
(2016-12) Isa Adamu, Abubakar
Artificial nose system, comprising of a bundle of photonic Bragg fibers used for identification of industrial toxic gases is reported. The system, otherwise known as optoelectronic nose, harvests the unique infrared spectrum of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), in conjunction to a fabricated multilayered photonic Bragg fibers that filters the incident spectrum of the infrared to a narrow transmission band. The sensing mechanism of the device comprises the measurement of infrared absorption of volatile analytes inside the hollow cores of opto uidic Bragg fibers. An array of six fibers is used, where each fiber target a different region of the midinfrared in the range of 2-14 m with transmission bandwidths of about 1-3 m. The quenching in the transmission of each fiber due to the presence of analyte molecules in the hollow core is measured separately and the cross response of the array allows the identification of virtually any (VOC). The device was used for the identification of seven industrial VOC vapors with high selectivity using a standard blackbody source and an infrared detector. The array response is registered as a unique six digit binary code for each analyte by assigning a threshold value to the fiber transmissions. The developed prototype is a comprehensive and versatile artificial nose that is applicable to a wide range of analytes.
Open Access
Artificial olfaction with hollow core bragg fiber arrays
(2014) Öztürk, Fahri Emre
An optoelectronic nose for the analysis of alcohols (ethanol and methanol) in chemically complex environments is reported. The cross-responsive sensing unit of the optoelectronic nose is an array of three distinct hollow core infrared (IR) transmitting photonic band gap fibers (Bragg fibers), which transmit a specific band of IR light depending on their Bragg mirror structures. Presence of alcohol molecules in the optofluidic core quench the fiber transmissions if there is an absorption band of the analyte overlapping with the transmission band of the fiber. The cumulative response data of the fiber array enables rapid, reversible and accurate discrimination of alcohols in chemically complex backgrounds such as beer and fruit juice. In addition, we observed that humidity of the environment has no effect on the response of the optoelectronic nose, which is rarely achieved in gas sensing applications. Consequently, it can be reliably used in virtually any environment without precalibration for humidity or drying the analytes. To further improve the performance, we engineered the photonic bandgap of Bragg fibers by controlling the thickness profile of the fiber during the thermal drawing. Conical hollow core Bragg fibers were produced by thermal drawing under a rapidly alternating load, which was applied by introducing steep changes to the fiber drawing speed. In conventional cylindrical Bragg fibers, light is guided by omnidirectional reflections from interior dielectric mirrors with a single quarter wave stack period. In conical fibers, the diameter reduction introduced a gradient of the quarter wave stack period along the length of the fiber. Therefore, the light guided within the fiber encountered slightly smaller dielectric layer thicknesses at each reflection, resulting in a progressive blueshift of the reflectance spectrum. As the reflectance spectrum shifts, longer wavelengths of the initial bandgap cease to be omnidirectionally reflected and exit through the cladding, which narrows the photonic bandgap. A narrow transmission bandwidth is particularly desirable in hollow waveguide mid-infrared sensing schemes such as the optoelectronic nose. We carried out sensing simulations using the absorption spectrum of isopropyl alcohol vapor to demonstrate the importance of narrow bandgap fibers in chemical sensing applications.
Open Access
Comparison of the CAF-DF and sage algorithms in multipath channel parameter estimation
(IEEE, 2008-07) Güldoğan, M. Burak; Arıkan, Orhan
In this paper, performance of the recently proposed Cross Ambiguity Function - Direction Finding (CAF-DF) technique is compared with the Space Alternating Generalized Expectation Maximization (SAGE) technique. The CAF-DF, iteratively estimates direction of arrival (DOA), time-delay, Doppler shift and amplitude corresponding to each impinging signal onto an antenna array by utilizing the cross ambiguity function. On synthetic signals, based on Monte Carlo trials, performances of the algoritms are tested in terms of root Mean Squared Error (rMSE) at different Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNR). Cramer-Rao lower bound is included for statistical comparisons. Simulation results indicate the superior performance of the CAF-DF technique over SAGE technique for low and medium SNR values. © 2008 IEEE.
Open Access
Personal navigation via high-resolution gait-corrected inertial measurement units
(IEEE, 2010) Bebek O.; Suster, M.A.; Rajgopal, S.; Fu, M.J.; Huang X.; Çavuşoğlu, M. Cenk; Young, D.J.; Mehregany, M.; Van Den Bogert, A.J.; Mastrangelo, C.H.
In this paper, a personal micronavigation system that uses high-resolution gait-corrected inertial measurement units is presented. The goal of this paper is to develop a navigation system that uses secondary inertial variables, such as velocity, to enable long-term precise navigation in the absence of Global Positioning System (GPS) and beacon signals. In this scheme, measured zero-velocity duration from the ground reaction sensors is used to reset the accumulated integration errors from accelerometers and gyroscopes in position calculation. With the described system, an average position error of 4 m is achieved at the end of half-hour walks. © 2010 IEEE.