Browsing by Subject "Revolution"
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Item Restricted 12 Eylül sonrası memuriyet(Bilkent University, 2023) Çimen, Tarık; Bitlislioğlu, Yiğit; Taşkesenligil, Ali Tayyip; Yılmaz, Mert; Turalıoğlu, Mert EmreTürk demokrasi tarihi, ara ara birçok ihtilale ve darbe girişimine tanıklık etmiştir. Yakın dönem Cumhuriyet tarihin en tartışmalı olaylarından biri de hiç kuşkusuz 12 Eylül 1980 darbesidir. Bu askerî darbe sonrasında Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin yalnızca yöneticileri ve anayasası değişmemiş, aynı zamanda halk içerisinde de sosyoekonomik birçok değişim gözlemlenmiştir. Devlet yönetiminin bir anda askeriyeye geçmesi devlet kurumlarını ve bu kurumlarda çalışan devlet memurlarını da haliyle doğrudan etkilemiştir. Bu dönemde sıkı yönetimin güvenlik tedbirleri kapsamındaki tutuklamalar, görev yerlerinin değiştirilmesi günümüzde hala tartışılmaktadır. Bu tartışmalara biraz olsun ışık tutabilmek amacıyla, yukarıda bahsedilen konu araştırılmaya değer görülmüştür. Genel olarak, bu projede 12 Eylül Darbesinin ve uygulamalarının devlet kurumlarında görev yapan sivil insanlar ve ailelerinin hayatlarının sosyal ve ekonomik olarak nasıl değiştiğini incelemeyi hedeflemektedir.Item Restricted 1980 darbesinin gölgesinde Mamak'ta 1983 seçimleri(Bilkent University, 2018) Bi, Mehmet; Metin, Göktuğ Kemal; Taştan, Onur Deniz; Akdeniz, Ali; Esergün, YunusMamak, Ankara'nın genel siyasi görüşünden ayrılmasından ve bünyesinde barındırdığı siyasi zıtlaşmalardan ötürü 1980 darbesini takip eden dönemin ağırlıklarının en sert hissedildiği yerlerden biridir. Bu çalışmamızda biz, tanıklarla yapılan görüşmeler, kaynaklar ve daha önce bu konu üzerine yapılmış diğer pek çok çalışmanın ışığında, 80 sonrası döneminin Mamak halkının sosyal ve siyasi durumunu, ve halkın yaşadıkları olayları inceledik. Bunun yanında, yine aynı dönemdeki Yüksek Seçim Kurumu'nu, yine tanıklar ve kaynaklar aracılığıyla incelemeyi hedef edindik.Item Open Access The 2011 Libyan Civil War: From the four-decade Qaddafi rule to the French-led NATO intervention(Bilkent University, 2016-01) Yaycı, FatmaThis thesis aims to investigate the exceptional case of the 2011 Libyan civil war, in which both a revolution and a foreign intervention took place, from a historical perspective based mainly on qualitative content analysis. In this regard, this thesis takes a deeper look at the events unfolding in Libya before and after the crisis erupted as well as analyzes the internal reasons behind the uprising and then its evolution into a civil war, the limits and excesses of the international response to the crisis in Libya within the context of the „responsibility to protect‟ doctrine and its possible future uses, and lastly, the way in which France was involved in the Libyan civil war and how the French national interests curtailed the Libyan peoples‟ efforts for a true revolution.Item Restricted Ankara'nın kalbinde yaşayan bir devrimci: Jose Marti Parkı(Bilkent University, 2018) Avcı, Ayça Sıla; Tekin, Berkay; Demir, Ahmet; Kale, Fatma SenaKüba halkının bağımsızlık mücadelesinin fikir lideri olan Jose Marti’nin ülkesine çok uzakta olan bir ülkede, Türkiye’nin başkentinde Ankara’da büstü bulunmaktadır. Her ne kadar Küba ve Türkiye birbirinden fiziksel olarak uzakta bulunup, ideolojik olarak farklılıklar gösterse de, Küba ve Türkiye’nin ulusal egemenlik uğrundaki mücadeleleri benzerlikler içermektedir. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk ve Jose Marti, işgalci güçlere karşı halkılarını birleştiren iki önemli liderdir. Havana’da bulunan Mustafa Kemal Atatürk büstü, Jose Marti büstünün dışında Küba topraklarında bulunan tek devlet adamı büstüdür. Jose Marti’nin Küba bağımsızlığına yaptığı katkılar, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’ün Türk Kurtuluş Savaşı’nda izlemiş olduğu yol ile iz düşüm içindedir.Item Open Access Beware the winter is coming! Arab Spring in the global media(Routledge, 2017) Uludağ, P. C.This study critically examines how the global media uses the concept of revolution when reporting about the Arab Spring. The understanding of the concept informed by historical Western revolutionary events perpetuates Eurocentrism which continues the inability to comprehend the regional, cultural, and political peculiarities of the Arab Spring. Media framing analysis reveals the use of the outdated notions of revolution based on six common attributes. The concept of revolution defined by the six attributes fails to address the events because it is delimited by its own Western origin and with its own understanding of modernization and progress. Such use of the concept is maintained by the media but also affects perception of the events while de-emphasizing their revolutionary character. © 2017 National Communication Association.Item Open Access Beyond the 'billiard ball' model of the international?(Palgrave Macmillan Ltd., 2016) Bilgin, P.In this review symposium, Pinar Bilgin, Ann Towns and David C. Kang discuss Barry Buzan and George Lawson’s The Global Transformation: History, Modernity and the Making of International Relations. In the book, Buzan and Lawson set out to provide a history of how we came to think about international relations in the way we do today. They explore the roots of our contemporary conceptions of the state, revolution, the international and modernity. They identify the long nineteenth century, from 1776 to 1914, as the key period in which the modern state and international relations as we know them today were forged. This was a global transformation in that it reshaped the bases of power, thereby also reshaping the relations of power that govern the relations between states and other agents today, across the world. In carrying through this project, Buzan and Lawson show us not only how the modern world was transformed, but also the kind of object it became for the discipline of International Relations. As such, this is also a book about the assumptions that have shaped, and continue to shape, that discipline.Item Open Access Cocks on Dunghills-Wollstonecraft and gouges on the women's revolution(De Gruyter Open Ltd, 2022-09-26) Bergès, Sandrine; Coffee, AlanWhile many historians and philosophers have sought to understand the 'failure' of the French Revolution to thrive and to avoid senseless violence, very few have referred to the works of two women philosophers who diagnosed the problems as they were happening. This essay looks at how Mary Wollstonecraft and Olympe de Gouges theorised the new tyranny that grew out of the French Revolution, that of 'petty tyrants' who found themselves like 'cocks on a dunghill' able to wield a new power over those less fortunate than themselves. Both offer diagnoses and prognoses that revolve around education. Wollstonecraft argues that a revolution that is not backed by a previous education of the people is bound to result in chaos and violence. Such education, however, must be slow, and it necessitates the reform of the institutions that most shape the public's character. A revolution, perforce, is fast, and it often takes several years, or even generations before the spirit of the reforms finds itself implemented into new institutions. Olympe de Gouges shares Wollstonecraft's worry and she observes that the men who were once dominated quickly become tyrants themselves unless their moral character is already virtuous. But the state of being dominated leaves little room for virtue; hence, newly minted citizens need to be educated in order not to replicate the reign of tyranny onto other. Gouges suggests that the answer to the difficulty she and Wollstonecraft highlighted was to educate the people where they could be found: on the streets, or, where they could easily and willingly be gathered: in theatres. By helping organise revolutionary festivals, highlighting the ways in which citizens could be virtuous, and writing plays to awaken their virtue, and proposing a reform of the theatre, so that the production of such plays would be possible, Gouges offered a plan for the civic education of French citizens in the immediate aftermaths of the Revolution. Unfortunately, the chaos she and Wollstonecraft had sought to remedy, led by the cocks or petty tyrants, ensured that they were unable to see through their plans, with Wollstonecraft having to leave Paris and Gouges being sent to the guillotine. © 2022 the author(s), published by De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston.Item Open Access Critique of violence : a study of the relation between politics and violence in some modern political theories(Bilkent University, 2012) Altunok, GülbanuThis thesis aims at understanding the relationship between violence and politics in twentieth century political thought. To this end, the study looks at the works of selected thinkers and suggests a threefold categorization of existing approaches: a ‘non-problematization of the relationship between violence and politics’ exemplified in the liberal-democratic paradigm, a ‘nonproblematization of violence in politics’ in some critiques of liberal thought and the position of ambivalence, which suggests a historical relationship between violence and politics. The thesis moves to a further analysis of Hannah Arendt and Michel Foucault, whose works are considered as representing the third position and discuss their analysis of the relationship between violence and politics with a focus on power and revolution.Item Restricted Darbe sonrası CHP’nin yeniden kuruluş süreci(Bilkent University, 2021) Keskin, Berkay; Kılıçarslan, Doğa; Üçüncüoğlu, Mustafa Engin; Koç, Durul1970-1980 yılları arasında ülkedeki iç karışıklığın otorite eksikliği nedeniyle artmasıyla birlikte toplumun kutuplaşması ve sonucunda siyasete olan güvenin azalmasından dolayı oluşan ortamdan yararlanan ordunun yönetime el koymasıyla demokratik hayat durdu. Askeri yönetim önce siyaseti yasaklamakla başlayarak çözümü bütün siyasi partileri kapatmakta buldu. Ancak bütün bu yasaklara rağmen CHP sanki yasaklar yokmuşçasına gizli bir şekilde siyasi faaliyetlerini sürdürmeye çalıştı. Demokratikleşmeyle başlayan süreç yeni partilerin açılmasına izin verse de %90 üstünde “evet” oyu alan 1982 anayasası kapanan eski partilerin yeniden açılmasına izin vermiyordu. Bu süreçte yeni açılan partiler eski partilerin açılmasına olumlu bakmamasına rağmen uzun uğraşlar sonucunda anayasada düzenlemeye gidilerek eski partilerin yeniden açılması yasası yürürlüğe kondu. Bu olanaktan faydalanan halkın desteğiyle birlikte yalnızca CHP oldu. Tekrardan açılarak yeni kazanımlarıyla birlikte Türkiye’nin yeniden demokratikleşmesinde katkıda bulunmak adına siyaset hayatına giriş yaptı. Bu çalışmada 12 Eylül darbesi sonrası CHP’nin yeniden açılış sürecinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır.Item Restricted Eduard Zuckmayer ve Türkiye’de müzik devriminin kurumsallaşması(Bilkent University, 2019) Şener, Alper Kaan; Atay, Eylül Naz; Asım, Yeliz; Demir, Mustafa Melih; Koç, EnesTürk müziğini, çağdaşlaştırmak ve geliştirmek amacıyla Atatürk’ün öncülüğünde Türk Müzik Devrimi gerçekleştirilir. Türkiye’deki eğitimli müzisyenlerin eksikliği sebebiyle ise yurtdışından Türkiye’ye başta Paul Hindemith olmak üzere bir sürü bilim adamı ve eğitimci çağrılır. Paul Hindemith’ten ise müzik eğitimcilerinde birini daha çağırması istenir. O da Eduard Zuckmayer’i çağırır. Eduard Zuckmayer 1936’da Türkiye’ye gelir. Türkiye’ye geldiğinde ilk önce Ankara’daki Müzik Öğretmen Okulu’nda koro ve piyano hocası olarak göreve başlar. 1938 yılında ise Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı’na ülkenin konservatuar ihtiyacında bahseder ve bu girişimle beraber Gazi Eğitim Enstitüsü’nün kurucularından biri olur. Bu süreç içerisinde de Türkiye’yi gezer ve batılı anlamda Türk müziğini Türk halkının kültürüne eklemlemeye çalışır. Bu projenin amacı; Eduard Zuckmayer’in Türk Müzik Devrimi’ne katkılarını inceleyip sonuçları objektif bir biçimde ortaya koymaktır.Item Restricted Gerçek, ama kimin gerçeği(1991) Gürel, FerzanItem Open Access The intellectual foundations of the Turkish National Student Union (MTTB), 1965-1980(Bilkent University, 2020-08) Yazıcı, İsmailThis thesis examines the intellectual foundations of the ideology of the Turkish National Student Union (MTTB) by analyzing the publications of this organization, once a paragon of Islamic youth activism in Turkey. It aims to scrutinize the place of the ideological orientation of the MTTB in the broader ideological spectrum of Turkish political thought. Through this analysis, this study questions some prevalent assumptions about the right-left wing distinction in Turkish political thought concerning the ideological position of the MTTB. To this end, it analyzes several key political concepts, namely revolution, order, conquest, and civilization, in the magazines published by the union between 1965 and 1980. The study reveals how the MTTB’s ideological position against the state, political order and national identity had undergone change over the years. It also discusses the influence of the intellectual context of time on the changing ideological configuration of the union. The analysis demonstrates that in the context of the Cold War, post-colonial visions of Islamist trends, mainstream conservative nationalist political thought in Turkey and the principles of Naksibendi order had shaped the ideological configuration and strategy of the MTTB in a way that it acquired a distinct Islamic identity with a strong emphasis of the Ottoman past as a righteous model of political order and civilization.Item Restricted İran Devrimi ve: Elham Erdem(Bilkent University, 2019) Çiçek, Hande; Memiş, Şeyma; Dinçer, Ali Taha; Çatalpınar, Tolga; Dinç, Yiğit20. yüzyıl boyunca, İran siyasi sistem ve meşruiyet ile ilgili sorunlarla karşı karşıya kaldı. Şah rejimi bu gerginliği hızlandırdı. İnsanlar ve Şah arasındaki gerilim politik ve kültürel değerlerin çatışmasından kaynaklandı. Şah, temelini İran halkından almayan bir modernizasyon süreci başlatınca güçlü bir muhalefet ile karşılaştı. Bu muhalefet bir süre sonra kendisini bir devrim olarak gösterdi. Devrim siyasi sistemi değiştirdi ve dini, devlete entegre etti. Sonuç olarak toplum, özellikle de kadınlar köklü değişimlere maruz kaldı.. Bu değişimlere şahit olan Elham Erdem 1993 yılında Türkiye'ye göç etmiştir. Bu çalışmada, devrim süreci, devrim sonrası dönem ve Erdem’in hayatındaki değişimler tartışılacaktır.Item Restricted Kaan Arslanoğlu'ndan bir roman: "Çağrısız hayalim"(1997) Naci, FethiItem Restricted Öğrenci hareketlerinin öncü figürü: Deniz Gezmiş(Bilkent University, 2021) Kerimler, Tevfik Can; Çekiç, Özgün; Dalançıkar, Eda; Gümüş, Furkan Oğuz; Ay, SercanBu çalışmada, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti tarihinde 60'lı yılların sonu ve 70'li yılların başı arasında çeşitli öğrenci eylemlerine liderlik etmesiyle siyasi bir figür haline gelen Deniz Gezmiş’in siyasi olaylarının yanı sıra kişilik özelliklerine odaklanılarak biyografik araştırması yapılmıştır. Araştırma sürecinde, Deniz Gezmiş’in fikir yapısının temelleri, insani ilişkileri, etkilendiği isimler, kendisinin kişiliğine dair merak edilen unsurlar ve yargılanma süreci incelenmiştir. Bu proje Deniz Gezmiş’in doğumundan ölümüne kadar olan süreci göz önüne alarak onun siyasi kişiliğinin ötesinde insani yönlerini ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır. Yazım sırasında konu ile alakalı kitap ve gazete arşivlerinin yanı sıra Deniz Gezmiş ile arkadaşlık etmiş olan Celal Ülgen, Mustafa Yalçıner ve Aydın Çubukçu ile yapılmış röportajlardan faydalanılmıştır.Item Open Access Reaction in politics(Brill, 2020) Alexander, JamesReaction is a subject usually avoided by political theorists, since it raises awkward historical, philosophical and political questions. Perhaps philosophers of history might make better sense of it. In this article I claim that reaction has to be understood in relation to the concepts of revolution, tradition, progress and conservatism. I argue that the specific meaning of reaction is a response to the specific action that establishes the principle that order should be established only on enlightened principles. The few theorists who have dealt with reaction have disagreed about whether it is the same as conservatism or not. I show that reaction is not an element in what I call a status quo conservatism, though it is an element in any conservatism conceived more broadly. I characterise reaction in full as the attempt to reverse the establishment of the principle that only enlightened principles shall be the basis of political order, the attempt to resist the further establishment of those enlightened principles, and also the attempt to criticise contemporary enlightened politics in terms of the unenlightened standards which existed before the revolution.Item Restricted Rethinking the past, rehoping the future(1990) Heilbroner, RobertItem Open Access Revolution, modernity and the Arab Spring(Bilkent University, 2017-07) Cafnik Uludağ, PetraThis dissertation critically examines how linguistic and discursive practices in global media discourses devalorize the revolutionary implications of the so called Arab Spring. By using media framing analysis it approaches the global media’s construct of the Arab Spring as a revolutionary event in three steps. First, it analyzes framing and usage of the name Arab Spring, showing how the name itself implies two defining characteristics of the events: the Arabness and the Springness. Second, it focuses on the universal conception of revolution, questioning its relationship with Western modernity that affects the way global media approach and represent non- Western revolutions. Third, it compares global media practices with local media practices, highlighting how Eurocentric understanding of the events affects media reporting in global news outlets. The thesis finds that regional, cultural, and political peculiarities of the Arab Spring affected global media’s reporting. When the global Western media approached the revolutions in the Arab world, the Arab Spring was not just a name; it became a condensation of political and social contexts that provided the meaning for the events. Western media has conceptualized the Arab Spring as a regional Arab event, a temporary awakening, that can suddenly turn into a suppression of will and progress. Further on the concept of revolution as used by the media failed to explain the events: first, because the concept is defined by its own Western identity; second, because it is defined with its own understanding of modernization and progress that is specific to the European context.Item Open Access The ‘Rojava revolution’ in Syrian Kurdistan: a model of development for the middle east?(Institute of Development Studies, 2016) Cemgil, C.; Hoffmann, C.As the civil war in Syria continues, in the territory of Rojava - in Kurdish, ‘the West’ - the northern Syrian Kurdish political movement is attempting to implement ‘libertarian municipalism’, based on the thoughts of United States (US) anarchist Murray Bookchin. Since the withdrawal of Syrian regime forces in 2012, the movement has consolidated significant territorial gains as a US ally in the anti-Islamic State (IS) struggle, while simultaneously securing Russian support. Viewed with suspicion by Turkey, Syria and Iraqi Kurdistan, the geopolitical conditions of Rojava’s emergence are its greatest impediment. This article analyses Rojava’s model of rule and socioeconomic development, and its theory and practice in the context of the civil war, and regional Middle Eastern and wider global geopolitics. It reflects on Rojava’s place and meaning for contemporary geopolitics in the Middle East, and considers the territory’s prospects, discussing its transformative potential for an otherwise troubled region. © 2016 The Authors and Institute of Development Studies.Item Open Access Russia in 1914: Reasons for defeat and the cost of future victories (from a discussion of British Historians)(Ural Federal University, 2015) Stone, N.In his essay "Russia in 2014: Reasons for Defeat and the Cost of Future Victories (from a discussion of British historians)" Norman Stone, an eminent specialist in Russian history, explores a key period in Russia's fate and explains the reasons for its infamous defeats during World War I and the disastrous consequences thereof not only for the history of the Russian Empire but, ultimately, for the entire world. The author connects into a complex of factors different aspects such as the state of the country's industry, the attitude of the imperial ruling elite, the absence of sufficiently qualified military personnel, and the officers' conservative manner of thinking. According to the scholar, all these existed despite a relatively good state of pre-war Russian economy as a whole. Apart from a conceptual evaluation the author gives of the war events in some of his works, in the article the reader will find Stone's recollections of debates caused by his arguing that it was wrong to compare the USSR's victory in World War II as a result of Stalin's regime and Russia's defeat in World War I. Stone's claims that Stalinism was pointless and antihuman as well as impossible to justify by means of any economic achievements or propaganda, regardless of the scale thereof, or any dystopian dreams, failed to find support of some of the pro-socialist historians of the postwar era. One of them was Stone's main opponent Edward Carr. Being a recognized sovietologist and author of a fundamental work on the Russian revolution and Soviet history, he became a victim of Stockholm syndrome, i.e. a situation where hostages develop empathy toward the terrorists and are ready to justify their actions. The justifcation of Stalinism or any other type of dictatorship by any circumstances and an attempt to interpret it as something inevitable was what exasperated the new generation of historians and made them overthrow the existing authorities, and join the "angry young people". Stone's essay describes a single issue of academic controversy but it is of great significance for the present day world. The daring character of scholarly thought combined with loyalty to the ideas of humanism are the grounds of research that the modern humanities should be based on. At the end of his essay, Stone wittily quotes George Orwell, a genius that foresaw the collapse of totalitarianism, 'You are always saying that it's impossible to make an omelette without breaking eggs. So where's the omelette?' The view Stone expresses as a researcher and as a person is one that QR supports and we expect it to be welcomed by our multilingual readers. © Stone N., 2015.