Browsing by Subject "Refugees"
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Item Restricted Ataol Behramoğlu ile göçmenlik ve şiir üstüne(1988) Pamir, GüvenItem Open Access The conceptualization problem in research and responses to sexual and gender-based violence in forced migration(Taylor&Francis, 2020) Özçürümez, Saime; Akyüz, Selin; Bradby, H.The conceptualization of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) has developed rapidly over recent decades and the understanding of SGBV in the context of forced migration continues to evolve. Based on a scoping review of scholarly work and reports by non-governmental organizations and international organizations between 1993 and 2018, this study identifies limitations to the current conceptualization of SGBV, and proposes a re-conceptualization. The paper argues that the existing literature overemphasizes the contexts of war zones and conflict and excludes post-flight settings, and focuses mainly on the victimization of women, excluding other at-risk groups. The tendency to focus on conflict zones and to underline the victim status of women constrains the usefulness of the conceptualization for informing research as well as protection and response. This review considers the multifaceted causes and consequences of gendered vulnerabilities and insecurities that are exposed in forced migration processes in order to make sense of SGBV as a gendered harm. Through a constructivist and de-essentialising theoretical lens, the study proposes to conceptualize SGBV in terms of continuities in forced migration occuring over time in interwoven territories and a variety of contexts from countries of origin to settlement.Item Open Access Emigrations from the Crimea to the Ottoman Empire during the Crimean War(Routledge, 2008-09) Kırımlı, H.[No abstract available]Item Restricted Köyden kente göç şiirleri(1983) Uçarol, TuncerItem Open Access Local peoples’ perceptions on Syrian refugees in Turkey: the case of ‘gün’ groups(Bilkent University, 2018-07) Mete, HaticeThis study mainly investigates the perceptions on Syrian refugees in Turkey, as one of the host countries. It does so by focusing on the case of the perceptions of the local population in Mersin, a city which received a substantial number of Syrian refugees in Turkey. The research is based on the analysis of data from five “gün” groups in Mersin, which consist of occasions of females of different age and socioeconomic backgrounds on a fairly regular basis. In the context of this study, the discourses of the ‘gün’ participants will be analyzed, and the common patterns revealed in the ‘gün’ groups’ discourses as prejudiced perceptions, stereotypes and hearsays, scapegoating, ‘us’ vs. ‘them’ and discriminative discourses will be emphasized. The study concludes that the discourses of the ‘gün’ members reveal marginalization and discursive exclusion of the Syrian refugees. It underlines the function of the ‘gün’ occasions as “building blocks of society” in identity (re)formation of the Syrian refugees in everyday life. The study also draws the conclusion that marginalization and exclusion are stemming from lack of interaction, cultural differences, language obstacle and lack of trust towards the Syrian refugees.Item Restricted Murathan Mungan ve suskunluğun sözcükleri(1997) Sayın, Zeynep B.Item Open Access A new selective location routing problem: educational services for refugees(Bilkent University, 2022-07) Demir, Şebnem ManolyaSyrian War has forced 5.5 million Syrians to seek for asylum. Turkey hosts 3.7 million Syrian refugees, 47% of whom are children. Even though the schooling rate of Syrian refugee children has steadily increased, currently, there are still more than 400 thousand children distanced from education. Turkey’s initial plans were not accounting for a refugee crisis going on for a decade. In this study, we first identify the availability and accessibility challenges posed by the country’s existing plans of integrating refugees to the national education system. Then, to reinforce schooling access for the refugee children in Turkey, we develop a planning strategy that is aligned with the local regulations. To improve school enrollment rates among Syrian refugee children without burdening the existing infrastructure of the host country, we formulate Capacitated Maximal Covering Problem with Heterogenity Constraints (CMCP-HC) and two extensions: Cooperative CMCP-HC (CCMCP-HC) to improve the current schooling access in Turkey and Modular CCMCP-HC to provide a guide for early planning in the case of a future crisis. As lack of school accessibility has been identified as one of the significant challenges hampering the school attendance rates, we incorporate routing decisions. To ease children’s transportation to schools, we propose a new Selective Location Routing Problem (SLRP) that corresponds to a novel formulation, where the location decisions impact the selective nature of the routing problem. For cases with further scarcity of the resources, we introduce Attendance-based SLRP (A-SLRP) and represent children’s attendance behaviors as a gradual decay function of distance. For the solution of these two complex problems, we offer a 2-Stage Solution Approach that yields optimal solutions for A-SLRP. Results of our computational analysis with the real-life data of the most densely refugee populated Turkish province illustrate that CCMCPHC and Modular CMCP-HC improve schooling enrollment rates and capacity utilizations compared to status quo. Moreover, SLRP and A-SLRP enable approximately twice as many children’s continuation to education, compared to the benchmarking formulation. Overall, this study analyzes Turkey’s experience and lessons learned over a decade to provide a road-map based on operations research methodologies, for potential similar situations in the future.Item Restricted Olanca gerçekliğiyle gurbet; Nihat Behram'ın ilk romanı(1988) Emre, GültekinItem Open Access Overlooked and understudied? a survey of current trends in research on adult english language learners(Sage Publications, Inc., 2008) Mathews-Aydınlı, JulieThis article provides a synthesis and review of 41 recent research studies focusing on the population of adult English language learners (ELLs) studying in nonacademic contexts. It notes the unique qualities and importance of understanding the English-language needs of this population, provides a critical overview of the existing literature, and concludes that both more research and research from diverse methodological perspectives are necessary.Item Open Access Trust-driven entrepreneurship for community well-being of refugees and their local hosts(SAGE Publications, 2021) Baktır, Zeynep; Watson, F.This article explores community well-being (CWB) outcomes of institutional trust (and distrust) through entrepreneurship in the context of a refugee-hosting society in Turkey. Existing studies show the positive relationship between institutional trust and quality of life (QOL) as well as entrepreneurship and QOL in subsistence contexts. This research, however, explores the relationship between institutional (dis)trust and entrepreneurship on a path to CWB with a special emphasis on refugee and local interactions in the marketplace. Three different paths to the QOL of refugees and/or locals are presented, but only two lead to CWB outcomes encompassing both refugees and locals. Consideration of refugees and locals as both consumers and business owners provides perspective on the interplay between social trust and institutional trust in a socio-culturally heterogeneous subsistence context. The article also discusses implications for theory and practice.Item Restricted Item Open Access Victims or intruders? Refugee portrayals in the news in Turkey, Bulgaria and the UK(Sage Publications, 2021-09-09) Özdora Akşak, Emel; Connolly-Ahern, Colleen; Dimitrova, DanielaNews shapes audiences’ views of people and events beyond their immediate physical environment. Since the mass migration of refugees from Syria represents one of the worst humanitarian crises in modern history, its news coverage necessarily shaped the way global audiences understood the crisis. This qualitative study employs critical discourse analysis (CDA), specifically Van Leeuwen’s Discourse and Practice: New Tools for Critical Discourse Analysis (2008) as a social practice approach, to reveal and compare the discursive strategies used in the print media coverage of the Syrian refugees in three European countries: Turkey, Bulgaria and the UK. The findings show significant differences in the discourse used to describe the refugees and different approaches in terms of contextualization, spaces and actions depicted in the media coverage in each country. The study reveals the ongoing dialogue between journalistic practice and political decision making in three countries impacted to varying extents by the ongoing crisis.Item Open Access ‘Welcoming’ guests: The role of ideational and contextual factors in public perceptions about refugees and attitudes about their integration(Uluslararası İlişkiler Konseyi Derneği İktisadi İşletmesi, 2023-12-19) Özen, H. E.; Dal, Ayşenur; Tokdemir, EfeIn this study, we aim to explore the ideational and contextual sources of perceptions about refugees. Contrary to many studies focusing on the interaction with and integration of refugees in developed countries, we examine the effect of social identity and refugee exposure on the perception of refugees in Turkey, which pose a substantive case with a background of ethnic conflict and scarce resources. We contend that social identities provide individuals with cues; however, we argue that identity type and its salience are key to understanding in-group vs. out-group formation processes, hence the perceptions about refugees. Moreover, we argue that socioeconomic status affects an individual’s support for refugee integration, as it challenges the existing status quo of access to scarce resources. Our findings challenge the conventional wisdom in migration studies by employing an original face-to-face survey among over 1,100 respondents in three cities (Istanbul, Diyarbakir, and Gaziantep) in Turkey. We find that those prioritizing national vs. religious identities reveal different levels of perceived threat. Additionally, we show that those belonging to lower-income socioeconomic groups are less supportive of refugee integration when the presence of refugees sets the ground for competition for economic and social resources where they reside.Item Open Access What a difference context makes: comparing communication strategies of migration NGOs in two neighboring countries(Routledge, 2022-12-31) Dimitrova, D.; Ozdora-Aksak, EmelThis research study compared non-governmental organizations(NGOs) working in the area of migration in two neighboring countries–Bulgaria and Turkey. Utilizing in-depth interviews with39 NGO professionals in both countries, the analysis identified critical differences in public opinion dynamics, organizational structures and interdependencies, and government relationships. Further analysis unveiled how the local socio-economic and political context had impacted NGO communication strategies as well as the specific communication channels, public engagement activities, and social media campaigns in each country. Implications for communication scholarship during times of increasing migration flows and globalization are discussed.