Browsing by Subject "Productivity"

Now showing 1 - 19 of 19

Open Access
AB- Türkiye ilişkileri sürecinde Türk şeker sektörü simülasyon sonuçları
(Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanlığı Sanayi ve Verimlilik Genel Müdürlüğü, 2008) Aytüre, S.; Demir, Nazmi
Bu araştırmada, dokuz bağıntılı bir ekonometrik model yardımı ile alternatif senaryolar altında, Türkiye'nin şeker arz-talep dengeleri simüle edilmektedir. Araştırmanın ortaya çıkardığı en önemli bulgu Türkiye'nin AB'ye 2014' de üye olması halinde önemli bir şeker ithalatçısı konumuna gireceğidir. Şeker sektörü giderek göreceli biçimde küçülecek ve 1.5 milyon ton civarındaki bir üretim eşiğinde dengelenecektir. Fabrikalarının üçte birinin rekabet edemeyerek kapanacağı, pancar ekim alanları ve pancar üretici sayılarının %35'den fazla azalacağı beklenen şeker sektöründe ortaya çıkacak işsizlik, gelir kayıpları, sosyal ve çevresel olumsuzluklara şimdiden çare aranması gerekmektedir. Çoğu sulanmakta olan ve terkedilmesi beklenen pancar ekim alanlarına ekilebilecek alternatif ürünlerin ve/veya tarım dışı gelir kaynaklarının saptanması için çalışmalara başlanması kaçınılmazdır. Şekerpancarı üreticilerinden ve şeker fabrikalarından ayakta kalabilecek olanların AB nin kendi içinde ayakta kalabileceklerle rekabet edebilmeleri için en emin yol tarladan nihai tüketiciye kadar şeker sektörünün tüm üretim aşamalarında verimliliği arttıracak adımları atmaktır. Pancarda polar şeker oranını ve verim düzeyini arttıracak pancar tohumlukları ve bunlara uygun agronomik koşulların sağlanması, ölçeğe getiri için fabrikaların birleşmeleri, kapasitelerini arttırmaları, yabancı sermaye ile teknolojilerini yenilemeleri birçok alternatif arasında sadece birkaç çıkış yolu olarak görülmelidir.
Open Access
Accounting for externalities in the measurement of productivity growth: the Malmquist cost productivity measure
(Elsevier BV, 2005) Ball, E.; Färe, R.; Grosskopf, S.; Zaim, O.
This paper starts with the basic premise: that conventional measures of productivity growth-often used as a measure of corporate performance-which ignore external or social output, are biased. We then construct an alternative productivity growth measure using activity analysis which integrates the externality/social output into a generalized productivity measure reflecting social responsibility. This method is very general and could be applied to gauge corporate social responsibility. We provide an application to US agriculture to demonstrate the approach: We show that conventional measures of productivity are biased upward when production of negative externalities (or bad) outputs is increasing. Conversely, this same measure of productivity is biased downward when externalities in production are decreasing. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Open Access
Analyzing impact of experience curve on ROI in the software product line adoption process
(Elsevier BV, 2015) Tüzün, E.; Tekinerdogan, B.
Context Experience curve is a well-known concept in management and education science, which explains the phenomenon of increased worker efficiency with repetitive production of a good or service. Objective We aim to analyze the impact of the experience curve effect on the Return on Investment (ROI) in the software product line engineering (SPLE) process. Method We first present the results of a systematic literature review (SLR) to explicitly depict the studies that have considered the impact of experience curve effect on software development in general. Subsequently, based on the results of the SLR, the experience curve effect models in the literature, and the SPLE cost models, we define an approach for extending the cost models with the experience curve effect. Finally, we discuss the application of the refined cost models in a real industrial context. Results The SLR resulted in 15 primary studies which confirm the impact of experience curve effect on software development in general but the experience curve effect in the adoption of SPLE got less attention. The analytical discussion of the cost models and the application of the refined SPLE cost models in the industrial context showed a clear impact of the experience curve effect on the time-to-market, cost of development and ROI in the SPLE adoption process. Conclusions The proposed analysis with the newly defined cost models for SPLE adoption provides a more precise analysis tool for the management, and as such helps to support a better decision making.
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European integration, productivity growth and real convergence
(Elsevier BV, 2007) Kutan, A. M.; Yigit, T. M.
This paper derives a stochastic endogenous growth model to investigate the impact of European Union (EU) integration on convergence and productivity growth. The theoretical model implies both temporary and permanent positive effects of the integration process. The empirical part of the analysis uses structural break tests and data envelopment analysis to examine the accession process of five recent members to the EU15. The results show (i) endogenously identified accession dates as structural breaks, (ii) improved rates of productivity growth after accession over and above the Union benchmark level, and (iii) increased pace of overall growth due to capital accumulation as a result of institutional features of the Union such as Structural and Cohesion Funds. These findings support the theoretical model, implying that economic integration is beneficial for member countries, especially from a long-run perspective, and Cohesion and Structural funds help the new members catch up with the core-EU members' standard of living. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Open Access
European integration, productivity growth and real convergence: evidence from the new member states
(Elsevier BV, 2009) Kutan, A. M.; Yigit, T. M.
We estimate the determinants of labor productivity growth in 8 new European Union (EU) member states that joined the Union in 2004. Our focus is on the impact of globalization and EU integration efforts on labor productivity growth. Previous studies test the impact of trade using either exports or trade openness. We also test the impact of imports separately on labor productivity growth. Using panel data for 1995-2006 period, we find that globalization has mixed effects. FDI and exports improve productivity, but imports hurt it. Regarding domestic variables, we find that human capital is the most important source of labor productivity growth in the new member states. There is also considerable adjustment of labor productivity towards EU15 levels, indicating significant "catching up" and hence real convergence. Policy implications of the findings are also discussed. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Open Access
Exporting and productivity: evidence from Turkish automotive sector
(2021-09) Kola, Halilcan
This thesis analyzes the determinants of export performance of the Turkish auto-motive manufacturers by focusing on firm-level productivity changes. We use the dataset obtained from Automotive Manufacturers Association (OSD) for the time period 2001-2019, and we have a panel data of 18 firms that produce motor vehi-cles. We calculate the productivity changes of the firms by applying Malmquist Productivity Change Index, which is commonly used in the literature. Analyz-ing two di˙erent dependent variables, export amounts and the share of exports in production, we find that increase in firm-level productivity leads to higher amounts of exports. Moreover, the impact of productivity on share of exports is relatively weaker for the Turkish automotive manufacturers.
Unknown
Financial development and productivity a panel data approach
(2006) Afyonoğlu, Burcu
Much ink has been spilled over the relation of financial market development and economic growth. Productivity growth is one of the main sources of economic growth. In this study we empirically examine the role of financial sector development in enhancing productivity growth, in a group of industrial and developing countries using panel data from 1965 to 1990. The productivity is measured by Malmquist index, introduced by Fare et al. (1994). This measure of productivity change index computes the productivity change from one year to another and furthermore it is possible to decompose the productivity change into efficiency change (diffusion) and technical change (innovation) components. Generalized Method of Moments techniques are applied where the results indicate that there is a significant effect of some financial development not only on Malmquist index but also on its components.
Open Access
Financial, economic, banking sector and institutional development and productivity
(2004) Özcan, Gökçe
This thesis explores the links between Malmquist Productivity Index (and its two components, namely efficiency change and technological change) and the banking sector, economic, financial development and institutional variables. Results show that there is a positive link between the banking, economic and financial variables and the productivity indexes. Also, data show that cross-country differences in legal and accounting systems play significant role in the improvement of the productivity indexes- Malmquist Index and its two components, efficiency change and technical change.
Open Access
Hyperbolic efficiency and return to the dollar
(Elsevier BV, 2002) Färe, R.; Grosskopf, S.; Zaim, O.
This paper, after establishing the relations between hyperbolic graph measure of technical efficiency and the radial measures of technical efficiency, shows that the dual, cost and revenue interpretation of the hyperbolic efficiency measure is related to Georgescu-Roegen's notion of "return to the dollar" [N. Georgescu-Roegen, in: Koopmans, T. (Ed.), Activity Analysis of Production and Allocation, Wiley, New York, 1951, pp. 98-115]. Once this relation is established, it leads to a derivation of an allocative efficiency index, which measures the price distortions using data on observed costs and revenues without requiring information on prices. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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Managerial motivation dynamics and incentives
(2007) Kocabıyıkoğlu, A.; Popescu, I.
Firms can increase profitability by appropriately motivating managers. We investigate drivers of managerial motivation, and propose how firms can use performance pay to alter motivational patterns. We focus on the agent's optimal effort decision in trading off compensation utility with effort cost in a static and dynamic setting. Surprisingly, we find that lower risk aversion or increased pay are not necessarily motivating factors, and identify the relevant effort drivers underlying the agent's utility and compensation plan. We characterize properties of agents' preferences for output lotteries (risk aversion, aggressiveness, prudence) that trigger systematic motivational patterns with respect to a variety of factors, such as the agent's productivity and past performance, time to evaluation, the firm's capabilities, and market factors. Our insights are robust, holding under very general modeling assumptions on preferences, rewards, and the stochastic effort-output function.
Open Access
Modelling the relationship between productivity, employment and wages in Turkish small and medium sized enterprises,1981-1998
(2001) Demirel, Görkemli
This thesis analyzes the empirical relationship between wages and productivity as well as the relationship between wages and employment in Turkish manufacturing industry. Unlike the previous studies done for manufacturing industry, in this study the size definitions of manufacturing industry, sectoral distribution and the sectoral division between public and private sector are considered. In the empirical part of the thesis, first wage and productivity and wage and employment relationships are estimated by using OLS method. After finding out both wage-productivity and wage-employment relationships are significant, descriptive growth rate comparisons are made for the period of 1981-1998. The main conclusion that emerges from both analyses is that relationship between variables of interest is valid. Wages, productivity and employment relationship have important policy implications regarding especially on Turkish small and medium sized enterprises.
Open Access
New trade models, different distributions, same old results?
(Elsevier, 2020-02-01) Pehlivan, Özgür Ayşe
In this paper we estimate Ricardian trade model of Eaton and Kortum (2002) using a different extreme value distribution, Weibull, for the productivity distributions of countries rather than the standard Fréchet assumption. The use of Weibull has the advantage of keeping elasticity of substitution in our estimation equation enabling us to account for demand effects. We find that incorporating this effect leads to lower comparative advantage parameter estimates. Additionally, we find that the state of technology (absolute advantage) rankings of the countries are similar in Weibull and Fréchet cases.
Open Access
Patterns of growth in dual economies: challenges of development in the 21st century
(Academic Press, 2018) Acar, S.; Voyvoda, E.; Yeldan, Alp Erinç
This chapter attempts to examine patterns of growth in dual economies within the context of challenges of development for the 21st century. To this end, we first study the broad contours of growth and adjustments in the global economy, before, during, and after the 2008–09 global crisis. Here four general patterns emerge, namely, stagnation of wage incomes; declining investment effort; consequent decline in the rates of growth of productivity; and a compensatory rise in corporate and household indebtedness. The chapter continues with a deeper investigation of the structural sources of deindustrialization and widening duality in both labor markets and technological diffusion. Finally, we link all these ideas with the macroeconomics of global climate change and implications on the feedback effects of the economy-resource use-environmental degradation nexus.
Open Access
Patterns of productivity growth and the wage cycle in Turkish manufacturing
(Routledge, 2001) Voyvoda, E.; Yeldan, A. E.
In this paper we investigate the distributional consequences of the post-1980 accumulation patterns and technological change in the Turkish manufacturing industries. We utilise two quantitative techniques. First, we make use of the Hodrick-Prescott filter to disintegrate the cyclical variations in productivity growth and wage rates from their respective historical trends, and study the evolution of the wage cycle against the long term productivity patterns in the sector. Next, we decompose the fundamental characteristics of the contributions of productivity growth of the manufacturing sub-sectors to the overall total. Our results suggest very little structural change in the sectoral composition and nature of productivity advances under the post-1980 structural adjustment reforms and outward-orientation, and underscore that the gains in productivity in this period did not materialise as gains in remunerations of wage labour. Contrary to the prognostications of the orthodox theory, the post-1980 export orientation of Turkish manufacturing was not found to lend itself to productivity contributions, and could not be sustained as a viable strategy of 'export-led industrialisation'.
Open Access
A producer survey on Turkish furniture industry
(1996) Öğün, Emir Polat
Turkish furniture industry has been growing steadily since the liberalization of Turkish economy in early 1980’s. However, the industry faces some technological and economical problems which affects the competitiveness of the firms in the global market. The major problems of the firms in the furniture sector is availability and quality of raw materials, and the productivity of labor. Turkish furniture manufacturers can be classified into two categories; small job-shops (workshops) and big firms. Small job-shops are scattered all over the country and their major market is domestic. Whereas big firms market their products domectically, and internationally. In this thesis we have investigasted Turkish furniture industry
Open Access
Productivity and openness in Turkish economy
(2000) Pasin, Umut
A growth accounting and an econometric exercise are used to provide insights into the evolution o f the Turkish economy over the period 1968-1997. The growth accounting results show that the contribution o f total factor productivity to GDP growth averaged about 20 percent over the period, and this contribution reached its maximum level in the trade liberalization period. My results suggest that trade liberalization has better effects on total factor productivity growth. As a result o f nonparametric analysis I found a positive relation between openness and productivity growth.
Open Access
Shortest-route formulation of mixed-model assembly line balancing problem
(Elsevier, 1999) Erel, E.; Gokcen, H.
A shortest-route formulation of the mixed-model assembly line balancing problem is presented. Common tasks across models are assumed to exist and these tasks are performed in the same stations. The formulation is based on an algorithm which solves the single-model version of the problem. The mixed-model system is transformed into a single-model system with a combined precedence diagram. The model is capable of considering any constraint that can be expressed as a function of task assignments.
Open Access
A study of military factories in Turkey from the viewpoint of productivity and cost effectiveness
(2006) Kurtay, Kemal Gürol
This study is a field study which investigates military workshops with a investigation methodology for proper determination of concerns that are considered to have adverse effects on productivity and cost-effectiveness at factories and proposes a number of alternatives for their elimination. It also defines issues common for any military factories, that are considered detrimental to cost-effective and productive operation of military factory and puts forth suggestions for their elimination. The Study further makes a comparison of data supplied from military workshops against statistical data retrieved from private owned worksites of similar character and nature, in the conclusions drawn after a compilation of findings obtained through factory investigations. All this effort currently being carried out is an activity aimed exclusively at improving productivity in military factories. Improving productivity through boosting the amount of output toward shortening production cost and by decreasing operation times are the core of this study.
Open Access
Value added productivity analysis: applied to Turkish Fertilizer Corporation, 1988-1991
(1994) Samin, Behrooz
In this study a value added productivity analysis is conducted at a publicly owned enterprise in Turkey. The chosen method is known as Wainai method. By adapting this method, we first find out the value added for the company. Obtained value added is applied to calculate company's performance and productivity ratios. During the period 1988-1991, the company's profitability and productivity have drastically declined. The main reason is the substantial decrease in the labor cost competitiveness ratio because of both increase in the labor cost and decrease in the value added. The company suffers from high amount of interest payments to commercial banks. It has made very big amount of net losses in 1990 and 1991 chiefly due to these interest expenses.