Browsing by Subject "Political leadership--Turkey."

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Open Access
Celal Bayar and political leadership, 1937-1960
(2013) Yiğit, Ahu
This dissertation sets its objective as studying Celal Bayar‟s leadership from 1937 to 1960 in order to present the portrait of Bayar as a political leader. The interactive approach is employed to structure this analysis. In line with this approach, external and internal resources of Bayar‟s leadership are defined. External resources are considered with regard to institutional and non-institutional aspects. The non-institutional resources referred to are the main characteristics of economy, of international relations and of political regime in 1937-1960. Institutional aspect of Bayar‟s leadership in 1937-1960 is studied with regard to executive offices he held. With regard to the internal resources of leadership, the effects of certain life experiences on Bayar‟s politics and his understanding of major political concepts such as democracy and secularism are discussed. Primary and secondary resources, as well as interviews with his close circle provide the material for this study. In the conclusion part, the impact of certain internal resources on his leadership, such as his commitment to the main principles of the Republican regime is acknowledged but it is pointed out that external resources, such as Atatürk‟s trust in him, had a greater impact on his leadership. It is also observed that the portrait of Bayar as a political leader falls in a category in between a state elite and a political elite. Regarding the interactive approach, it is concluded that under non-institutionalized regimes, the institutional offices lose their defining characteristics on leadership and that other resources such as the leader‟s relations with other leaders and his/her interpretation of political office gains extra emphasis.
Open Access
The Post-1989 experience with the presidency in Turkey : a comparative analysis of the presidencies of Turgut Özal and Süleyman Demirel with special reference to their respective conceptions of the presidency
(1994) Güler, Halil Sait
The present study is an attempt to analyze in a comparative perspective Turgut Özal's and Siileyman Demirel's presidencies, which together make up the post-1989 civilian experience with the presidency under the Constitution o f 1982. A particular reference is made to the conceptions of the office in those presidents. Assessment is based on an evaluation of the constitutional position of the presidency vis-à-vis the Council of Ministers, on the one hand, and the other actors concerned in the political process, on the other, under that constitution. For a better understanding, however, it is endeavored to determine where the Turkish system o f government stands along the presidential-parliamentary government continuum. The work essentially argues that the differences between Turgut Özal's and Siileyman Demirel's conceptions of the presidency is predicated upon the difference between the former's belief in the need to transform the system of government from the existing predominantly parliamentary to a presidential one (systemic transformation) on the one hand, and the latter's belief in the virtues of the present parliamentary system that the needed change must be limited to revising that system within itself (intra-systemic revision).