Browsing by Subject "Personality"

Now showing 1 - 17 of 17

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Aversive Stimuli
(1972) Lomas, Herbert
Open Access
Beyond the 'East-West' dichotomy: Global variation in cultural models of selfhood
(American Psychological Association Inc., 2016) Vignoles, V. L.; Owe, E.; Becker, M.; Smith, P. B.; Easterbrook, M. J.; Brown, R.; González, R.; Didier, N.; Carrasco, D.; Cadena, M. P.; Lay, S.; Schwartz, S. J.; Rosiers, S. E. D.; Villamar, J. A.; Gavreliuc, A.; Zinkeng, M.; Kreuzbauer, R.; Baguma, P.; Martin, M.; Tatarko, A.; Herman, G.; de Sauvage, I.; Courtois, M.; Gardarsdóttir, R. B.; Harb, C.; Gallo, I. S.; Gil, P. P.; Clemares, R. L.; Campara, G.; Nizharadze, G.; Macapagal, M. E. J.; Jalal, B.; Bourguignon, D.; Zhang, J.; Lv, S.; Chybicka, A.; Yuki, M.; Zhang X.; Espinosa, A.; Valk, A.; Abuhamdeh, S.; Amponsah, B.; Özgen E.; Guner, E. Ü.; Yamakoglu, N.; Chobthamkit, P.; Pyszczynski, T.; Kesebir, P.; Trujillo, E. V.; Balanta, P.; Ayala, B. C.; Koller, S. H.; Jaafar, J. L.; Gausel, N.; Fischer, R.; Milfont, T. L.; Kusdil, E.; Çağlar, S.; Aldhafri, S.; Ferreira, M. C.; Mekonnen, K. H.; Wang, Q.; Fülöp, M.; Torres, A.; Camino, L.; Lemos, F. C. S.; Fritsche, I.; Möller, B.; Regalia, C.; Manzi, C.; Brambilla, M.; Bond, M. H.
Markus and Kitayama's (1991) theory of independent and interdependent self-construals had a major influence on social, personality, and developmental psychology by highlighting the role of culture in psychological processes. However, research has relied excessively on contrasts between North American and East Asian samples, and commonly used self-report measures of independence and interdependence frequently fail to show predicted cultural differences. We revisited the conceptualization and measurement of independent and interdependent self-construals in 2 large-scale multinational surveys, using improved methods for cross-cultural research. We developed (Study 1: N = 2924 students in 16 nations) and validated across cultures (Study 2: N = 7279 adults from 55 cultural groups in 33 nations) a new 7-dimensional model of self-reported ways of being independent or interdependent. Patterns of global variation support some of Markus and Kitayama's predictions, but a simple contrast between independence and interdependence does not adequately capture the diverse models of selfhood that prevail in different world regions. Cultural groups emphasize different ways of being both independent and interdependent, depending on individualism-collectivism, national socioeconomic development, and religious heritage. Our 7-dimensional model will allow future researchers to test more accurately the implications of cultural models of selfhood for psychological processes in diverse ecocultural contexts. © 2016 American Psychological Association.
Open Access
Conversational agent expressing ocean personality and emotions using laban movement analysis and nonverbal communication cues
(2019-08) Sonlu, Sinan
Conversational human characters are heavily used in computer animation to convey various messages. Appearance, movement and voice of such characters in uence their perceived personality. Analyzing different channels of human communication, including body language, facial expression and vocalics, it is possible to design animation that exhibit consistent personality. This would enhance the message and improve realism of the virtual character. Using OCEAN personality model, we design internal agent parameters that are mapped into movement and sound modi ers, which in turn produce the nal animation. Laban Movement Analysis and Nonverbal Communication Cues are used for the operations that output bone rotations and facial shape key values at each frame. Correlations between personality and spoken text, and relations between personality and vocal features are integrated to introduce compherensive agent behavior. Multiple animation modi cation algorithms and a personality based dialogue selection method is introduced. Resulting conversational agent is tested in different scenarios, including passport check and fastfood order. Using a speech to text API user controls the dialog ow. Recorded interactions are evaluated using Amazon Mechanical Turk. Multiple statements about agent personality are rated by the crowd. In each experiment, one personality parameter is set to an extreme while others remain neutral, expecting an effect on perception.
Open Access
Evolved individual differences: advancing a condition-dependent model of personality
(Elsevier, 2015-10) Lewis, D. M. G.
The field of personality psychology offers a wealth of robust empirical research and a successful descriptive taxonomy, but neither explains the origins of the structure of human personality nor elaborates a generative framework for predicting the specific conditions that evoke the development of distinct personality traits. Exploration of traditional personality constructs within an evolutionary adaptive individual differences framework may help fill this explanatory gap. Personality traits exhibit functional features and patterns of variation expected from psychological adaptations designed to solve survival- and reproduction-related challenges recurrently faced during our species’ evolutionary history. Conditiondependent evolutionary models of personality have been proposed for decades, but only recently have begun to see empirical investigation. These models posit that species-typical psychological mechanisms take as input cues from the individual’s phenotype that would have been ancestrally linked to differential cost–benefit tradeoffs of alternative personality strategies, and produce as output personality trait levels with the greatest probabilistic net benefit for the individual. This paper elaborates a more nuanced conceptual framework that builds on earlier conceptualizations of condition-dependent traits to yield new and untested hypotheses about personality trait variation and covariation. It then describes clear future research directions for empirically investigating these readily testable hypotheses.
Open Access
How the ocean personality model affects the perception of crowds
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2011) Durupınar, F.; Pelechano, N.; Allbeck, J. M.; Güdükbay, Uğur; Badler, N. I.
A personality model named High-Density Autonomous Crowds (HiDAC) simulation system provides individual differences by assigning each person different psychological and physiological traits. Users normally set these parameters to model a crowd's nonuniformity and diversity. The approach creates plausible variations in the crowd and enables novice users to dictate these variations by combining a standard personality model with a high-density crowd simulation. HiDAC addresses the simulation of local behaviors and the global wayfinding of crowds in a dynamically changing environment. It directs autonomous agents' behavior by combining geometric and psychological rules. HiDAC handles collisions through avoidance and response forces. Over long distances, the system applies collision avoidance so that agents can steer around obstacles. HiDAC assigns people specific behaviors. The number of actions they complete depends on their curiosity.
Open Access
How to satisfy generation Y? the roles of personality and emotional intelligence
(Academy of IRMBR, 2016) Aydogmus, C.
This study examines the mediating effect of Generation Y employees’ emotional intelligence levels on the relationships between their personality characteristics and job satisfaction. Participants were 477 engineers, who completed the Big Five Model of personality, Wong Law Emotional Intelligence Scale and Minnesota Job Satisfaction Scale. The results show a significant relationship between Generation Y employees’ emotional intelligence and their job satisfaction. Hierarchical regression analyses reveal that personality characteristics and job satisfaction of Generation Y employees are mediated by their emotional intelligence. The negative relationships between Generation Y employees’ neuroticism and their job satisfaction are fully mediated, whereas the relationships between their being extraverted, conscientious, agreeable and open to experiences and job satisfaction are partially mediated by their emotional intelligence. The findings indicate that organizations should focus more on giving importance to the emotional intelligence of Generation Y employees, which is the underlying effect between their personality characteristics and job satisfaction. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Open Access
Human movement personality detection parameters
(IEEE, 2024-06-23) Sonlu, Sinan; Dogan, Yalım; Ergüzen, Arçin Ülkü; Ünalan, Musa Ege; Demirci, Serkan; Durupinar, Funda; Güdükbay, Uğur
In this study, we develop a system that detects apparent personality traits from animation data containing human movements. Since the datasets that can be used for this purpose lack sufficient variance, we determined labels for the samples in two datasets containing human animations, in terms of the Five Factor Personality Theory, with the help of a user study. Using these labels, we identified movement parameters highly dependent on personality traits and based on Laban Movement Analysis categories. The artificial neural networks we trained for personality analysis from animation data show that models that take the motion parameters determined in the study as input have a higher accuracy rate than models that take raw animation data as input. Therefore, using the parameters determined in this study to evaluate human movements in terms of their personality traits will increase the systems' success.
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İki kişilik dünya
(1992) Güntan, Ahmet
Open Access
In the gray zone: How representational deficit moderates the effect of openness on protest participation
(Sage Publications Ltd., 2024-08-24) Aksoy, Faruk; Tosun, Yasemin; Aksoy, Faruk
This article investigates how the governmental status quo alters the effect of individuals' openness as a predisposition for protest participation. We define the governmental status quo as individuals' standing or position within the political system, contingent upon their party's current status in government. Based on this, we clasify voters into three groups: Opposition voters, junior coalition partners' voters (JCPV), and senior coalition partners' voters (SCPV) or single-party government voters (SPGV). SCPV and SPGV are expected to have lower protest motivation due to their substantial governmental representation, whereas opposition voters, with lacking any governmental representation, are more likely to be motivated to protest. Nevertheless, given their fuzzy position that alleviates the effect of the representational deficit on their protest behavior, we argue that the protest participation of JCPV is more likely to be driven by their basic values belonging to the openness dimension. Statistical analyses based on data from the European Social Survey support our hypothesis, highlighting the stronger effect of stimulation, one of the components of the openness dimensions in Schwart's basic human values, for the JCPV compared to other voter categories.
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Kişilik dedikleri
(1955) Yücel, Tahsin
Open Access
The openness-calibration hypothesis
(Elsevier Ltd, 2015) Lewis, D. M. G.; Al-Shawaf, L.; Yilmaz, C.
The current study tested the hypotheses that (1) psychological adaptations calibrate Openness to Experience to facilitate or deter pursuit of short-term mating, and (2) this calibration varies as a function of mating strategy, physical attractiveness, and sex—individual differences that shift the costs and benefits of alternative personality strategies. Participants completed a personality inventory before and after reading vignettes describing mating opportunities of different durations (short- and long-term) with individuals of differing levels of attractiveness. Among study findings, participants presented with short-term mating opportunities with individuals of average attractiveness exhibited down-regulated Openness relative to those presented with highly attractive mates. Moreover, these effects varied as a function of the interaction between participants’ sex, mating strategy, and attractiveness. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that evolved psychological mechanisms adaptively calibrate Openness levels in response to short-term mating opportunities. More broadly, they highlight the heuristic value of an evolutionary framework for the study of personality and individual differences.
Open Access
Personality and culture, the social science research council, and liberal social engineering: the advisory committee on personality and culture, 1930-1934
(John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2009) Dennis, B.
The field of personality and culture was given a significant impetus during the 1930s with the establishment of the Advisory Committee on Personality and Culture (1930-1934) by the Social Science Research Council. This committee provided an early formulation of personality and culture that emphasized the interdisciplinary focus on the processes of personality formation within small-scale social settings. The committee's formulation also coupled personality and culture with a liberal social engineering approach geared toward cultural reconstruction. Major social scientists and clinicians were involved in the activities of the committee, including Edward Sapir, W. I. Thomas, E. W. Burgess, E. A. Bott, Robert S. Woodworth, Harry Stack Sullivan, C. M. Hincks, and Adolf Meyer.
Open Access
Personality or role? comparisons of Turkish leaders across different institutional positions
(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2017) Cuhadar E.; Kaarbo, J.; Kesgin, B.; Ozkececi, T. B.
Personality approaches to politics are often criticized for not examining the effect that institutional role constraints have on individual beliefs and preferences. When leaders appear to change their stance when they change roles, it is assumed that roles have a determining influence. Modern personality theory and contemporary sociological role theory, however, view the effects of roles as interacting with agents’ personalities. In this article, we investigate this question by comparing personality profiles of three Turkish leaders (Özal, Demirel, and Gül) during their tenure as prime minister and during their subsequent time as president. For Gül, we perform an additional comparison during his time as foreign minister. The personality profiles are in the form of quantitative scores generated from machine-coded content analysis of leaders’ words using the Leadership Trait Analysis method. We hypothesize that different leaders will be more susceptible to changing role contexts, depending on core personality traits, and that different traits are more likely to change with new roles. Overall, our results suggest that leaders’ traits are fairly resistant to changes across roles and that task orientation is the most likely trait to change as leaders adapt to different role demands and expectations. This study makes a contribution to our understanding of the interaction between personality and political contexts by offering specific theoretically derived hypotheses and by empirically and statistically examining a preliminary set of expectations that could be applied more broadly to other leaders. © 2016 International Society of Political Psychology
Open Access
Personality, character, and self-expression: the YMCA and the construction of manhood and class, 1877-1920
(Sage Publications, Inc., 2000) Winter, T.
Historians have largely neglected to explore the ways in which emerging constructions of middle-class manhood were contingent on defining and structuring class difference. Using the YMCA's efforts with railroad and industrial workers from the 1870s to the end of World War I as a case study, the author argues that definitions of class difference were an integral part to new articulations of middle-class manhood. YMCA officials hoped that workingmen would abstain from political radicalism and industrial unrest once they adopted an ideal of Christian manhood. Bringing an ideal of Christian manhood to the workers, the YMCA presumed, could engender a workforce that would set examples of sacrifice and service and exude goodwill and selflessness. While YMCA officials took part in the remaking of middle-class men's notions about the meaning of manhood, they also constructed and affirmed class differences through their cultural practices.
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The Discursive expression of human freedom
(1992) Westcott, Malcolm R.
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Yanan kitap görünce ne yaparsınız
(1985) Madenci, Rıfat
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Yanılmanın gerçekliği-6 (Her şeyi belirleyen: Kişilik) Kaan Arslanoğlu
(1994) Arslanoğlu, Kaan