Browsing by Subject "Ottomans"

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Open Access
Osmanlı edebiyatında dönüşümün şiiri : sulhiyyeler
(2007) Rahimguliyev, Bayram
Ottoman Empire, as many historians have argued, entered a period of “disintegration” in the 17th century. Ottoman Empire, which began to collapse starting with the defeat in Vienna in 1683, and had to accept its defeat by signing the treaty of Karlowitz, lost a considerable amount of land. Apart from a change in the culture, authority and policy of balance, a “transformation” is observed in terms of literature. Social events, the long-lasting war, and exhaustion that followed afterwards; weakening in military terms, and changing world-order began to reverberate on the works of that time. The Sulhiyyes which I analyzed in this thesis are also products of that “transformation”. The Sulhiyyes that Nâbi and Sabit wrote on the treaty of Karlowitz (1699) are important both because they are the first examples of that genre and because they reflect the “transformation”. Besides them, Seyyid Vehbi wrote his works on the treaties of Pasarowitz (1718) and İstanbul (İran) (1724) that followed after it. In the thesis, these examples of Sulhiyye were analyzed both as a genre and as a part of the “transition” which started in the 17th century and continued in the 18th century. The difference in the world of images, style and manner leads us to the change in the understanding of poetry of that time.
Open Access
The Safavid-Qizilbash Ecumene and the formation of the qizilbash-alevi community in the Ottoman Empire, c. 1500–c. 1700
(Routledge, 2019-09) Yıldırım, Rıza
Alevis, the largest religious minority of Turkey, also living in Europe and the Balkans, are distinguished from both Sunnis and Shiʿites by their latitudinarian attitude toward Islamic Law. Conceptualizing this feature as “heterodoxy,” earlier Turkish scholarship sought the roots of Alevi religiosity in Turkish traditions which traced back to Central Asia, on the one hand, and in medieval Anatolian Sufi orders such as the Yasawi, Bektashi, Qalandari, and Wafaʾi, on the other. A new line of scholarship has critiqued the earlier conceptualization of Alevis as “heterodox” as well as the assumption of Central Asian connections. In the meantime, the new scholarship too has focused on medieval Anatolian Sufi orders, especially the Bektashi and Wafaʾi, as the fountainhead of Alevi tradition. Critically engaging with both scholarships, this paper argues that it was the Safavid-Qizilbash movement in Anatolia, Azerbaijan, and Iran rather than medieval Sufi orders, that gave birth to Alevi religiosity.