Browsing by Subject "Optical filters"

Now showing 1 - 13 of 13

Open Access
Coding of fingerprint images using binary subband decomposition and vector quantization
(SPIE, 1998-01) Gerek, Ömer N.; Çetin, A. Enis
In this paper, compression of binary digital fingerprint images is considered. High compression ratios for fingerprint images is essential for handling huge amount of images in databases. In our method, the fingerprint image is first processed by a binary nonlinear subband decomposition filter bank and the resulting subimages are coded using vector quantizers designed for quantizing binary images. It is observed that the discriminating properties of the fingerprint, images are preserved at very low bit rates. Simulation results are presented.
Open Access
Compact optical temporal processors
(Optical Society of America, 1995) Mendlovic, D.; Melamed, O.; Özaktaş, Haldun M.
Optical signal processing can be done with time-lens devices. A temporal processor based on chirp-z transformers is suggested. This configuration is more compact than a conventional 4-f temporal processor. On the basis of implementation aspects of such a temporal processor, we did a performance analysis. This analysis leads to the conclusion that an ultrafast optical temporal processor can be implemented.
Open Access
Filtering characteristics of hybrid integrated polymer and compound semiconductor waveguides
(IEEE, 2002) Ozturk, C.; Huntington, A.; Aydınlı, Atilla; Byun, Y.T.; Dagli, N.
This paper reports a study on a compact filter fabricated using hybrid integration of compound semiconductors and polymers. A GaAs epilayer is glued onto a polymer channel waveguide forming a highly asymmetrical directional coupler. This approach results in a narrow band filter due to very different dispersion characteristics of the compound semiconductor and the polymer materials. Furthermore, fiber coupling loss has been significantly reduced, since the input and output coupling is done through the polymer waveguide. Filtering characteristics can be engineered by changing the thickness and the length of the semiconductor epilayer. This can be done precisely using etch stop layers and noncritical lithography. The spectral response of such a filter can also be tuned electronically either using the electro-optic properties of the compound semiconductor or the thermo-optic properties of the polymer.
Open Access
Fourier transforms of fractional order and their optical interpretation
(Elsevier, 1993) Özaktaş, Haldun M.; Mendlovic, D.
Fourier transforms of fractional order a are defined in a manner such that the common Fourier transform is a special case with order a=1. An optical interpretation is provided in terms of quadratic graded index media and discussed from both wave and ray viewpoints. Fractional Fourier transforms can extend the range of spatial filtering operations.
Open Access
Fractional Fourier transforms and their optical implementation. II
(Optical Society of America, 1993) Özaktaş, Haldun M.; Mendlovic, D.
The derivation of a linear transform kernel for fractional Fourier transforms is presented. Discussed in direct relation to fractal Fourier transforms are spatial resolution and the space-bandwidth product for propagation in graded-index media. Results show how fractional Fourier transforms can be made the basis of generalized spatial filtering systems.
Open Access
An image watermarking algorithm via Zero Assigned Filter Banks
(IEEE, 2005-12) Yücel, Zeyep; Özgüler, A. Bülent
In this paper a new method for digital image watermarking based on Zero Assigned Filter Banks and Embedded Zero Tree Wavelet (EZW) algorithm is presented. An image is partitioned into 128 × 128 subblocks and each block is processed in a three stage decomposition structure by a filter bank which is assigned a zero around the stop band. The coefficients to be marked are chosen according to the EZW algorithm. This method not only provides a robust watermarking scheme but may also be used as an effective compression strategy. The algorithm is tested under white Gaussian noise and against JPEG compression and it is observed to be robust even when exposed to high levels of corruption. © 2005 IEEE.
Open Access
Optimal filtering in fractional Fourier domains
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1997-05) Kutay, M. A.; Özaktaş, Haldun M.; Arıkan, Orhan
For time-invariant degradation models and stationary signals and noise, the classical Fourier domain Wiener filter, which can be implemented in O(N log N) time, gives the minimum mean-square-error estimate of the original undistorted signal. For time-varying degradations and nonstationary processes, however, the optimal linear estimate requires O(N/sup 2/) time for implementation. We consider filtering in fractional Fourier domains, which enables significant reduction of the error compared with ordinary Fourier domain filtering for certain types of degradation and noise (especially of chirped nature), while requiring only O(N log N) implementation time. Thus, improved performance is achieved at no additional cost. Expressions for the optimal filter functions in fractional domains are derived, and several illustrative examples are given in which significant reduction of the error (by a factor of 50) is obtained.
Open Access
Polarization characteristics of compact SOI rib waveguide racetrack resonators
(IEEE, 2005) Kiyat, I.; Aydınlı, Atilla; Dagli, N.
We report on the development of compact optical racetrack resonators on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) rib waveguides. We make use of large-cross-section waveguides instead of photonic wire waveguides. We fabricated resonators with bending radii down to 20 μm and characterized for both transverse-electric and transverse-magnetic polarizations. Different polarization characteristics were analyzed and related to the modal shape of the SOI waveguide. These compact resonators show large free spectral ranges (3.0 nm), high finesse (19), and Q-factor (28 000) values.
Open Access
Polymeric waveguide Bragg grating filter using soft lithography
(Optical Society of American (OSA), 2006) Kocabas, A.; Aydınlı, Atilla
We use the soft lithography technique to fabricate a polymeric waveguide Bragg grating filter. Master grating structure is patterned by e-beam lithography. Using an elastomeric stamp and capillary action, uniform grating structures with very thin residual layers are transferred to the UV curable polymer without the use of an imprint machine. The waveguide layer based on BCB optical polymer is fabricated by conventional optical lithography. This approach provides processing simplicity to fabricate Bragg grating filters. © 2006 Optical Society of America.
Open Access
QR-RLS algorithm for error diffusion of color images
(SPIE, 2000) Unal, G. B.; Yardimci, Y.; Arıkan, Orhan; Çetin, A. Enis
Printing color images on color printers and displaying them on computer monitors requires a significant reduction of physically distinct colors, which causes degradation in image quality. An efficient method to improve the display quality of a quantized image is error diffusion, which works by distributing the previous quantization errors to neighboring pixels, exploiting the eye's averaging of colors in the neighborhood of the point of interest. This creates the illusion of more colors. A new error diffusion method is presented in which the adaptive recursive least-squares (RLS) algorithm is used. This algorithm provides local optimization of the error diffusion filter along with smoothing of the filter coefficients in a neighborhood. To improve the performance, a diagonal scan is used in processing the image.
Open Access
Relationships among ray optical, Gaussian beam, and fractional Fourier transform descriptions of first-order optical systems
(Elsevier BV * North-Holland, 1997-11-01) Özaktaş, Haldun M.; Erden, M. F.
Although wave optics is the standard method of analyzing systems composed of a sequence of lenses separated by arbitrary distances, it is often easier and more intuitive to ascertain the function and properties of such systems by tracing a few rays through them. Determining the location, magnification or scale factor, and field curvature associated with images and Fourier transforms by tracing only two rays is a common skill. In this paper we show how the transform order, scale factor, and field curvature can be determined in a similar manner for the fractional Fourier transform, Our purpose is to develop the understanding and skill necessary to recognize fractional Fourier transforms and their parameters by visually examining ray traces. We also determine the differential equations governing the propagation of the order, scale, and curvature, and show how these parameters are related to the parameters of a Gaussian beam.
Open Access
Signal processing with repeated filtering in fractional Fourier domains
(Board of Optronics Lasers, Tian-Jin City, China, 1998) Ozaktas, Haldun M.; Erden, M. F.; Kutay, M. A.
Open Access
Tunable ring-coupled Mach-Zehnder interferometer based on lithium niobate
(Taylor and Francis, 2014) Solmaz, M. E.
The fabrication and characterization are reported of a Fano resonance-based electro-optically tunable ring resonator-coupled Mach-Zehnder interferometer device based on a chalcogenide-lithium niobate hybrid waveguide system. The experiments reveal inherent asymmetric lineshapes that can be flipped to a near symmetrical resonance by applying a dc voltage of ~10 V across the electrode at the MZI non-resonator arm. Further increase in voltage yields the reverse of initial asymmetry. The optical filter-based transfer-matrix model easily explains the experimental data and indicates ways to further enhance the usability of such architecture. © 2014 Taylor and Francis.