Browsing by Subject "Numerical results"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 21

Open Access
Adaptive measurement matrix design for compressed DoA estimation with sensor arrays
(IEEE, 2015) Özer, Berk; Lavrenko, A.; Gezici, Sinan; Römer, F.; Galdo, G. D.; Arıkan, Orhan
In this work we consider the problem of measurement matrix design for compressed 3-D Direction of Arrival (DoA) estimation using a sensor array with analog combiner. Since generic measurement matrix designs often do not yield optimal estimation performance, we propose a novel design technique based on the minimization of the Cramér-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB). We develop specific approaches for adaptive measurement design for two applications: detection of the newly appearing targets and tracking of the previously detected targets. Numerical results suggest that the developed designs allow to provide the near optimal performance in terms of the CRLB.
Open Access
Algebraic acceleration and regularization of the source reconstruction method with the recompressed adaptive cross approximation
(IEEE, 2014) Kazempour, Mahdi; Gürel, Levent
We present a compression algorithm to accelerate the solution of source reconstruction problems that are formulated with integral equations and defined on arbitrary three-dimensional surfaces. This compression technique benefits from the adaptive cross approximation (ACA) algorithm in the first step. A further error-controllable recompression is applied after the ACA. The numerical results illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method. © 2014 IEEE.
Open Access
Analysis of double-negative materials with surface integral equations and the multilevel fast multipole algorithm
(IEEE, 2011) Ergül O.; Gürel, Levent
We present a fast and accurate analysis of double-negative materials (DNMs) with surface integral equations and the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA). DNMs are commonly used as simplified models of metamaterials at resonance frequencies and are suitable to be formulated with surface integral equations. However, realistic metamaterials and their models are usually very large with respect to wavelength and their accurate solutions require fast algorithms, such as MLFMA. We consider iterative solutions of DNMs with MLFMA and we investigate the accuracy and efficiency of solutions when DNMs are formulated with two recently developed formulations, namely, the combined tangential formulation (CTF) and the electric and magnetic current combined-field integral equation (JMCFIE). Numerical results on canonical objects are consistent with previous results in the literature on ordinary objects. © 2011 IEEE.
Open Access
Analytical model of asynchronous shared-per-wavelength multi-fiber optical switch
(IEEE, 2011) Akar, Nail; Raffaelli, C.; Savi, M.
In this paper, a buffer-less shared-per-wavelength optical switch is equipped with multi-fiber interfaces and operated in asynchronous context. An analytical model to evaluate loss performance is proposed using an approximate Markov-chain based approach and the model is validated by simulations. The model is demonstrated to be quite accurate in spite of the difficulty in capturing correlation effects especially for small switch sizes. The model is also applied to calculate the number of optical components needed to design the optical switch according to packet loss requirements. The impact of the adoption of multiple fiber interfaces is outlined in terms of the remarkable saving in the number of wavelength converters employed, while increasing at the same time the number of optical gates needed by the space switching subsystem. The numerical results produced are a valuable basis to optimize overall switch cost. © 2011 IEEE.
Open Access
Asymmetric chiral metamaterial circular polarizer based on four U-shaped split ring resonators
(Optical Society of America, 2011-04-28) Mutlu, M.; Akosman, A. E.; Serebryannikov, A. E.; Özbay, Ekmel
An asymmetric chiral metamaterial structure is constructed by using four double-layered U-shaped split ring resonators, which are each rotated by 90° with respect to their neighbors. The peculiarity of the suggested design is that the sizes of the electrically and magnetically excited rings are different, which allows for equalizing the orthogonal components of the electric field at the output interface with a 90° phase difference when the periodic structure is illuminated by an x-polarized wave. As a result, left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization are obtained in transmission at 5:1 GHz and 6:4 GHz, respectively. The experiment results are in good agreement with the numerical results.
Open Access
An asynchronous two-way relay system with full delay diversity in time-varying multipath environments
(IEEE, 2015-02) Salim, A.; Duman, Tolga M.
We consider design of asynchronous OFDM-based diamond two-way-relay (DTWR) systems in time-varying frequency-selective (doubly-selective) fading channels such as underwater acoustic (UWA) channels. In a DTWR channel, two users exchange their messages with the help of two relays. Most of the existing work on asynchronous DTWR systems assume only small relative propagation delays between the received signals at each node. However, in practical systems, significant delays may take place. Our proposed system is able to tolerate the delay even if it exceeds the length of the OFDM block which is almost inevitable in UWA channels. We provide analytical and numerical results to verify the advantages of the proposed scheme in mitigating large delays in different fading conditions.
Open Access
Capacity bounds for the poisson-repeat channel
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2023-08-22) Kazemi, Mohammad; Duman, Tolga M.
We develop bounds on the capacity of Poisson-repeat channels (PRCs) for which each input bit is independently repeated according to a Poisson distribution. The upper bounds are obtained by considering an auxiliary channel where the output lengths corresponding to input blocks of a given length are provided as side information at the receiver. Numerical results show that the resulting upper bounds are significantly tighter than the best known one for a large range of the PRC parameter ? (specifically, for ? =0.35). We also describe a way of obtaining capacity lower bounds using information rates of the auxiliary channel and the entropy rate of the provided side information.
Open Access
Chiral metamaterials with negative refractive index based on four "U" split ring resonators
(American Institute of Physics, 2010-08-23) Li, Z.; Zhao, R.; Koschny, T.; Kafesaki, M.; Alici, K. B.; Colak, E.; Caglayan, H.; Özbay, Ekmel; Soukoulis, C. M.
A uniaxial chiral metamaterial is constructed by double-layered four "U" split ring resonators mutually twisted by 90°. It shows a giant optical activity and circular dichroism. The retrieval results reveal that a negative refractive index is realized for circularly polarized waves due to the large chirality. The experimental results are in good agreement with the numerical results.
Open Access
Code design for binary energy harvesting channel
(IEEE, 2017) Dabirnia, Mehdi; Duman, Tolga M.
We consider a binary energy harvesting communication system with a finite battery transmitter over a noisy channel, and design explicit and implementable codes based on concatenation of a nonlinear trellis code (NLTC) with an outer low density parity check (LDPC) code. We propose two different decoding methods where the simplified one ignores the memory in the battery state while the more sophisticated one utilizes the memory. Numerical results demonstrate that the designed codes outperform other reference schemes. The results also show the superiority of the improved decoding approach over the naive solution.
Open Access
The design of a wideband and widebeam piston transducer in a finite closed circular baffle
(2008-06-07) Şahin, Z.; Köymen, Hayrettin
The design of a high power piezoelectric underwater transducer operating at frequency range 40 kHz-80 kHz with acoustic power capability in excess of 250W is described. The transducer consists of two back-toback elements. Each element is formed by stacked PZT-4 ceramic rings, a matching and a steel backing layer, and placed in a finite rigid circular baffle. We investigate the dependence of bandwidth and beamwidth to the combination of piston and baffle radii, a and b, respectively. With ka of 2.45 (κ is the wave number) at resonance and a b/a ratio of 2, the transducer resonates at 60kHz with 67% bandwidth and has a beamwidth of 60° at each half space. We show that when two transducers are placed at right angles spatially and driven in parallel, we can obtain an omnidirectional beam pattern in the lower frequency band. The beam pattern exhibits two dips in each quadrant at the higher end of the frequency band, which are within 8 dB. We also investigated power handling capability of the transducer from thermal point of view using finite element analysis. The input impedance measurements agree well with the numerical results within the pass band.
Open Access
Economic design of EWMA control charts based on loss function
(Elsevier, 2009) Serel, D. A.
For monitoring the stability of a process, various control charts based on exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) statistics have been proposed in the literature. We study the economic design of EWMA-based mean and dispersion charts when a linear, quadratic, or exponential loss function is used for computing the costs arising from poor quality. The chart parameters (sample size, sampling interval, control limits and smoothing constant) minimizing the overall cost of the control scheme are determined via computational methods. Using numerical examples, we compare the performances of the EWMA charts with Shewhart over(X, -) and S charts, and investigate the sensitivity of the chart parameters to changes in process parameters and loss functions. Numerical results imply that rather than sample size or control limits, the users need to adjust the sampling interval in response to changes in the cost of poor quality.
Open Access
Effect of the off-focus shift of the feed on the radiation characteristics of a 2-D parabolic reflector antenna
(IEEE, 2010) Oğuzer, T.; Altıntaş, A.; Nosich, Alexander
The parabolic reflector antennas are widely used in the telecommunication systems and generally have large aperture sizes like 50λ to 80λ and larger. Their reliable full-wave analysis with the conventional Method of Moments (MoM) or with the other numerical methods is difficult because of inaccessible speed and accuracy. This statement is valid both for 3D and 2D reflector antennas in both polarizations. The Method of Analytical Regularization (MAR) constitutes an alternative solution compared to the ordinary MoM, which can provide only 1-2 digit accuracy. It provides finer accuracy within a reasonable computation time because the computational error can be decreased simply by increasing the matrix size in MAR. We have previously developed this method for the accurate simulation of the arbitrary conical section profile 2D reflector antennas, and the corresponding codes have provided us with accurate benchmark data. Here we study a similar problem however with the feed simulated by Complex Source Point (CSP) source located at an off-focus point on the symmetry axis of a front-fed reflector antenna. The numerical results are presented for the radiation characteristics including the forward and backward directivities and the radiation patterns in all directions. © 2010 IEEE.
Open Access
Effects of signal randomization on performance of binary communications systems
(IEEE, 2010) Göken, Çağrı; Gezici, Sinan; Arıkan, Orhan
In this paper, effects of signal randomization are studied for binary communications systems. First, it is stated that the average probability of error for a power-constrained binary communications system is minimized when each symbol is randomized between at most two signal values. Then, a fixed detector is considered, and sufficient conditions under which its performance can or cannot be improved via signal randomization are presented. After that, the joint design of detectors and signal structures is studied, and an optimization problem is formulated to determine the optimal system parameters. Finally, numerical results are presented to exemplify the improvements via signal randomization. ©2010 IEEE.
Open Access
Efficient analysis of large finite arrays via mom formulation with dft based acceleration algorithms
(2003) Çivi, Ö. A.; Ertürk, Vakur B.; Chou, H.-T.
A DFT based acceleration algorithm is combined with iterative methods to accelerate the computation of Method of Moments (MoM) analysis of electromagnetic radiation/scattering from large, finite free-standing and printed elements of phased arrays. Computational complexity of this approach is O(Ntot), where Ntot is the number of unknowns. Numerical results are presented to validate the efficiency and accuracy of the method.
Open Access
Electromagnetic imaging of three-dimensional dielectric objects with Newton minimization
(IEEE, 2014) Etminan, Aslan; Sadeghi, Alireza; Gürel, Levent
We present a general framework for detecting the shape and electrical properties of unknown objects by using the Newton minimization approach for solving inverse-scattering problems. This procedure is performed by evolving an initial-guess object iteratively until the cost function decreases to a desired value. Rapid convergence of this method is demonstrated by some numerical results.
Open Access
Energy equipartition and frequency distribution in complex attachments
(Acoustical Society of America, 2009) Roveri, N.; Carcaterra, A.; Akay, A.
As reported in several recent publications, an undamped simple oscillator with a complex attachment that consists of a set of undamped parallel resonators can exhibit unusual energy sharing properties. The conservative set of oscillators of the attachment can absorb nearly all the impulsive energy applied to the primary oscillator to which it is connected. The key factor in the ability of the attachment to absorb energy with near irreversibility correlates with the natural frequency distribution of the resonators within it. The reported results also show that a family of optimal frequency distributions can be determined on the basis of a variational approach, minimizing a certain functional related to the system response. The present paper establishes a link between these optimal frequency distributions and the energy equipartition principle: optimal frequency distributions are those that spread the injected energy as uniformly as possible over the degrees of freedom or over the modes of the system. Theoretical as well as numerical results presented support this point of view. © 2009 Acoustical Society of America.
Open Access
A new method for the prognosis of scan blindness angle in finite phased arrays of printed dipoles
(IEEE, 2011) Avser, Bilgehan; Erturk, Vakur B.
Scan blindness phenomenon is studied for finite phased arrays of printed dipoles on grounded planar dielectric slabs. A new method for predicting the scan blindness angles using the average scan impedances of a subsection of dipoles at the center of the array is introduced. A hybrid method of moments/Green's function technique is used to analyze the finite arrays of printed dipoles. Several numerical results are presented to demonstrate the accuracy of the new method in terms of predicting the blindness angle. © 2011 EurAAP.
Open Access
Spin filtering in a quantum ring with Rashba coupling
(IEEE, 2010) Tanatar, Bilal; Moldoveanu V.
We study the effect of Rashba spin-orbit coupling on the spin interference in a non-interacting one-dimensional ring connected to two lead theoretically within the non-equilibrium Greens' function formalism. We compute the charge and spin currents and analyze their Aharonov-Bohm oscillations. The geometry of the system is conveniently described by the angle δ between the two leads. We show that for δ=180° (i.e for symmetrically coupled leads) a good tutering of up or down spin orientation is obtained around half-integer multiples of Φ/Φ0. These particular flux values correspond to degeneracy points for clockwise and counter-clockwise propagating state related to the same spin orientation in the local spin frame of the ring. In contrast, for the asymmetric coupling, i.e., δ=135° the filter efficiency is maximum around integer multiples of Φ/Φ0. The numerical results suggest that the spin filtering is obtained when the clockwise or counter-clockwise states interfere destructively. The spin filtering regime is stable against variations of the bias applied on the system. ©2010 IEEE.
Open Access
A tabu search algorithm for sparse placement of wavelength converters in optical networks
(Springer, 2004) Sengezer, N.; Karasan, E.
In this paper, we study the problem of placing limited number of wavelength converting nodes in a multi-fiber network with static traffic demands and propose a tabu search based heuristic algorithm. The objective of the algorithm is to achieve the performance of full wavelength conversion in terms of minimizing the total number of fibers used in the network by placing minimum number of wavelength converting nodes. We also present a greedy algorithm and compare its performance with the tabu search algorithm. Finally, we present numerical results that demonstrate the high correlation between placing a wavelength converting node and the amount of transit traffic passing through that node. © Springer-Verlag 2004.
Open Access
Tight-binding mechanism in slow light regime
(IEEE, 2011) Akosman, Ahmet Emin; Mutlu, Mehmet; Kurt, Hamza; Özbay, Ekmel
In this study, tight-binding formalism is applied to a photonic crystal coupled cavity structure in order to investigate the characteristics of ultra slow light modes. Eigen-mode splitting is observed and resulting group indices obtained from the tight-binding formalism and numerical results are compared. © 2011 IEEE.