Browsing by Subject "Nuclear weapons"

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    Acceptance and anxiety: Turkey (mostly) embraces Obama's nuclear posture
    (Routledge, 2011-03) Kibaroglu, M.
    US nuclear weapons have been an important part of Turkey's security strategy since their first deployment on Turkish soil in the early 1960s. Turkey's NATO membership and its close relationship with the United States have been perceived to be integral to maintaining its security. The release of the 2010 US Nuclear Posture Review (NPR), with its focus on disarmament and reduced reliance on nuclear weapons, has a number of potential consequences for Turkey. This article provides background on the history of Turkish-US nuclear weapons policy in light of issues ranging from Middle Eastern politics to the development of NATO's new Strategic Concept. It then describes how actors in the government, military, and academia in Turkey have reacted to the NPR, why they reacted as they did, and how the Obama administration's initiatives may be received in Turkey in the future. This article concludes that both military and civilian actors in Turkey have reacted favorably to the NPR and are pleased by its emphasis on nuclear nonproliferation and the maintenance of extended deterrence; however, there is less agreement in Turkey about the emphasis placed by the NPR on the danger of nuclear terrorism.
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    Isn't it time to say farewell to nukes in Turkey?
    (Routledge, 2005-12) Kibaroglu, M.
    The attitude of Turkish officials toward the US nuclear weapons deployed in Turkey for over four decades has been static. Officials have understandable arguments, based on their threat analysis, as to why these weapons should be retained in Turkey. However, since the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the international security environment has undergone radical changes. The classical deterrent value of nuclear weapons no longer applies with these emerging threats. At the same time, there is an increased probability of unauthorized use of crude radiological devices or nuclear weapons by terrorist organizations. In addition to increased security at storage sites, bolder steps must be taken by concerned countries to get rid of nuclear weapons. Such steps should begin with drawing-down US nuclear weapons deployed in allied countries including Turkey.
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    Missiles and bureaucrats: The Reagan administration and the making of two-pronged security diplomacy
    (2023-08) Cebeci, Berk
    The crucial turn in conducting foreign policy with the election of Ronald Reagan has been a determinant factor in the late Cold War period. This thesis centers on the role of the foreign policymaking process and its agencies from SALT II of 1979 to the Reykjavik Summit of 1986 and examines the American diplomatic affairs during the Reagan administration with the Soviets and the allies in the Atlantic world by emphasizing nuclear security and arms race as a nexus within these triangular affairs of US, Western Europe and the Soviet Union. The fundamental argument this thesis illustrates is that policymakers of the Reagan administration germinated and followed a twofold nuclear policy agenda, mainly derived from the incompetence of the predecessor administrations and the realities of foreign affairs with Western Europe and the Soviet Union in the 1980s within the context of potential nuclear catastrophe, and asserts how this security strategy shaped American diplomacy from the missile crisis of 1977, which augmented the perils of nuclear catastrophe, to the negotiations in late 1985 and 1986 that declined tensions and ultimately underpinned the desire for peace at the end of the decade.
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    Negotiating Iran's nuclear populism
    (Brown University, 2005) Afrasiabi, K.; Kibaroglu, M.
    [No abstract available]
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    The role of Turkey in NATO's decision-making of nuclear use
    (Bilkent University, 2023) Aamir, Waleejah; Muhammetgulyyev, Muhammet; Jameel, Maryam; Abdelhalim, Sagda; Hasanova, Aylin; Naqvi, Syeda Sakaina
    The research is focused on the key events of North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s (NATO) nuclear planning in the 1960s. The time period is chosen for two reasons. First, as the research topic suggests, because of the significance of the Cuban Missile Crisis – the climax of the Cold War tensions – in which Turkey, a NATO member, played the role of a mere uninformed bargaining chip. The research, therefore, inquires on the causes that put Turkey into this disadvantageous position and what were the consequences for the country, both long- and short-term. Second, more generally, NATO was going through turbulent considerations of transition into multilateralism regarding the decision to use nuclear arsenals of the alliance. Although the warheads were located on territories of all European allies, up to that point the United States (US) possessed a monopoly on the decision of initiating a strike. And despite the dissatisfaction with this unilateral hegemony being felt by all of the allies, the attempts of negotiating multilateralism were led by a select few: most notably the US, the United Kingdom (UK), and France. Once again, Turkey occupied a backseat in decision-making. The research aims to inquire on how this position was manifested, and possibly challenged, in Turkey’s participation in the one and only NATO attempt to implement a multilateral nuclear fleet: a mixed-manned demonstration aboard a US destroyer ship Biddle, later recommissioned as Claude V. Ricketts. Therefore, the research's geo-political scope spans NATO, focusing primarily on European members in closest cooperation – or at times hostility – with Turkey.
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    Sedimentlerde radyoizotopik yöntemlerle yaş tayini
    (Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey - TUBITAK, 2001) Erten, Hasan N.
    Sedimentlerde yaş tayini, sediment boyunca kimyasal element dağılımı ile birlikte ele alınınca doğal ve kültürel olayların çevresel etkilerinin belirlenmesinde çok önemli rol oynamaktadır. Doğal 238U radyoaktif serisinin bir ürünü olan 210Pb (t1/2= 22.3y) kullanılarak sedimentlerde son 200 yılı kapsayan bir süre içinde yaş tayini yapmak mümkün olmaktadır. Diğer yandan çevrede yapay olarak bulunan 137Cs (t1/2= 30.1y) izotopunun sediment boyunca dağılımı incelemelerinden 1954-1963 yıllarındaki yeryüzünde yapılan nükleer silah denemelerinin sonucunda ve 1986 yılındaki Çernobil kazasında çevreye yayılan 137Cs’nin dağılım profillerinden söz konusu tarihleri belirlemek mümkün olmaktadır. Bu yöntem 210Pb ile birlikte kullanıldığı zaman güvenilir sediment çökelme hızı tayinleri yapılabilmektedir. Diğer yandan bir kozmik ışın ürünü olan 7Be(t1/2=53.3g) izotopunun incelenmesi ise sediment örneklerinin kayıpsız elde edilişlerini belirlemektedir. Radyoizotopik yöntemler klasik yöntem olarak kullanılan katman sayma yöntemi ile karşılaştırılabilir. ˙