Browsing by Subject "National Identity"
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Item Open Access Ajarian identity and the regime of Aslan Abashidze(Bilkent University, 1999) Brody, DavidThis thesis analyzes the Autonomous Republic of Ajaria: the Ajarian people, their history, and the nature of the current administration under Aslan Abashidze. Emphasis is given to a historical consideration of the self identity of the Ajarians, within the wider comext of Georgian nationalism and national identity. The phenomenon of Aslan Abashidze's rule is treated at length, with special attention given to the relationship of the Abashidze regime with Russian border troops stationed within the republic. Abashidze's relations with the central government in Tbilisi, and with Turkey are also examined.Item Open Access An exploration of Turkish identity and comparison with the image of Turkey(Bilkent University, 1996) Bozdag, İpekImage of a product plays an important role in purchase decision. This image concept consists of the design, the performance and other attributes of the product as well as its brand name, name of its producer and its country's image. If a nation has a particular self-construction, it will interact with others according to this construction. Therefore, if the nation reflects its constructed self while interacting with others, image of that country according to foreigners will be affected by the national identity. In this study, the identity of Turks, based on the thoughts of Turkish businesspeople and students is explored. The explored identity is compared with the Westerns' percieved image of Turkey. Depending on·· the analysis and comparisons, it is found out that, the foreigner's image of Turkey really reflects their identity and it seems that Turkey's national identity has an effect on the foreigner's image of Turkey. As a result, by considering both the image and identity of Turkey, some recommendations are made to improve the negative image .of Turkey and to occupy a distinct and valued place in the target consumer's mind.Item Open Access The King's European Morocco : a postcolonial approach to Morocco's quest to become a European Community member(Bilkent University, 2015) İpek, VolkanThis study aims to analyze the membership application of the Kingdom of Morocco to the European Community in 1987 through postcolonial nationalism, which refers to the fact that the impacts of colonizer states continue on the national identity of the colonized states after colonialism. It analyzes the membership application of the Kingdom of Morocco to the European Community in terms of how Morocco felt European so that it claimed its Europeanness according to the article 237 of the Treaty of Rome that required the aplicant states to be European, as the main article of the Treaty that founded the European Community. Taking the Bhabhaian approach to hybridity as one of the main tenets of postcolonial nationalism, this dissertation argues that the Kingdom of Morocco’s relations with the European Community in 1987 should go beyond why it applied to be one of its members that was already explained by different economic and political reasons. Instead, it offers a cultural aspect defined by postcoloniality that analyzes how Kingdom of Morocco asserted its Europeanness, and how it explained to the European Commission that it was a European state according to the Treaty of Rome. Framing Morocco’s colonial status between 1912 and 1956, this dissertation examines how Morocco that constructed its national identity both during and after colonialism against Europe (against France) due to European colonialism (the French Protectorate) added Europeanness into this national identity in its postolonial period, by claiming that Moroccan nation and state together are European, with King Hassan II’s membership application to the European Community. Accordingly, this dissertation argues that Morocco’s 1987 membership application to the European Community is the instrumentalization of hybridity that was created by the French among Moroccan locals between 1912 and 1956 by King Hassan II, in the postcolonial Moroccan national identity to claim that Morocco was European according to the article 237 of the Treaty of Rome.Item Open Access Nation brand image in political contexts-the case of Turkey's EU accession(Bilkent University, 2006) Kemming, Jan DirkNegative public opinion on Turkey’s EU accession in many member-states might become a major obstacle during the next 10 years of negotiation despite supportive diplomatic strategies. In consumer research, images/attitudes are expected to provide deeper insights into preference formation and (consumption/voting) decisions than opinion statements. Application of marketing image research methodology should therefore facilitate new perspectives for political phenomena. Within this scenario, two evolving concepts meet: political marketing and nation branding. Both are closely investigated for this problem. The main theoretical approach consists of an emerging framework for a nation brand image in a political context. Central challenges are the definition of the brand image construct and testing the applicability of commercial brand theory for political brands. Practical application of this framework is the case of Turkey accessing the EU. In a contextualized approach the image content, explaining factors/antecedents and consequences/outcomes of Turkey’s image within the political framework are analyzed and measured. The conduct of the research consists of two parts: literature research reconciling different interdisciplinary backgrounds and a qualitative exploration with in-depth expert interviews from a sample of prototypical EU member-states. First results indicate a wide spectrum of different images across EU, depending mainly on knowledge conditions, contact points with Turkish people and general perspectives of EU development. Religion or history, often mentioned in public discourses, seem not to play a prominent role. Emerging public diplomacy approaches in Turkey will face the challenge to integrate most heterogeneous messages and stakeholders of Turkey’s nation brand.Item Open Access Search for an ethno-secular delimitation of Turkish national identity in the Kemalist era (1924-1938) with particular reference to the ethnicist conception of Kemalist nationalism(Bilkent University, 1998) Yıldız, AhmetThis study deals with the search for the creation of an ethno- secular Turkish national identity with particular reference to the ethnicist conception of Kemalist nationalism espoused by a group of bureaucratic- intellectual elites over three distinct periods in the years between 1919- 1938 with an historical perspective. In the period of 1919-1924, nationality was defined by religion, and hence, Turkish national identity had a predominantly religious character. As a reflection of this state of "forced" pluralism, official political discourse considered ethnic diversity as a given social condition. In the second period (1924-1929), a radical rupture from the religious definition occurred with the adoption of Republicanism consisting of legal and political components. The legal component of the republican definition was overwhelmed by its political component, however. The motto of this definition was the "unity in language, culture and ideal" The third period (1929-1938) of the delimitation of Turkish national identity in the Kemalist era was characterised by the efforts of a group of bureaucratic-intellectual elites who adopted the ethnicist conception of Kemalist nationalism to articulate racial motives, which defined national community at the basis of Turkish ethnie and structured around the sense of common origin, into the republican definition. The symbolic reflection of this articulation was the motto of the "unity in language, culture and blood" The emergent definition of "ethno-secular Turkish man" within the evolution of the parameters of Turkish national identity during the Kemalist era(1924-1938) was that the complete, genuine, or pure Turk was the one who embraced the cause of the Republican ideal, devoted to Westernised Turkish culture, spoke Turkish and descended from Turkish origin. Those who lacked any of the said parameters had to be compensated for. Aloofness to religiosity, the adoption of Turkish not only as official language but also as the mother-tongue, devotion to the monolithically defined Westernised Turkish culture intermixed with the political ideal preached by the new Republic, and the attainment of purity and strength of race were the suggested "compensators." Ethnicism and Turkification policies were the two natural corollaries of the ethnicist conception of Kemalist nationalism. Being constituted as such, the "other" of this nationalism involved religious Turks, non-Turkish Muslim ethnies, and non-Muslim minorities.