Browsing by Subject "Memory"

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Open Access
The 1912 Galata Bridge as a site of collective memory
(2002) Şumnu, Umut
This work looks at the 1912 Galata Bridge as a case study and attempts to examine it as a dual construction in two senses: space and memory. Acknowledging that space and memory mutually construct each other, this thesis explains each term in general but also elucidates the relationship between perception and remembrance of space by reading the materiality of the 1912 Galata Bridge. In that respect, changing meanings attributed to space over time are analysed lead us to recognise two different ways of conceiving space named as 'spaceness' and 'placeness'. This dual existence is conductive to raising questions about perception of the 1912 Galata Bridge in two layers. Taken separately, its function of conveyance and the property of inhabitation lead us to read 'spaceness' and 'placeness' that also correspond to two ways of remembering it. Its 'spaceness' is perceived by the gaze and remembered through looking at its images, its 'placeness, on the other hand, is experienced by the body and recollected through reading texts that describe the actual engagement. Hence, 'spaceness' and 'placeness', gaze and body, image and text are correspondingly related with each other by the agency of the 1912 Galata Bridge as situated in collective memory.
Open Access
Adaptation and nostalgia
(Oxford University Press, 2020) Kennedy-Karpat, Colleen
This essay highlights the shared critical terrain of adaptation and nostalgia: how they critically juxtapose the past with the present, and how they underscore the impossibility of return while also relying on prior experience. It also explores nostalgia’s effect on personal responses to adaptations and its interaction with textual form. Drawing from various areas of literary, media, and performance studies, including film adaptations of children’s literature, Watchmen and its screen adaptations, and Disney’s live-action remakes, this essay underscores how both nostalgia and adaptation are inherently multivalent concepts, and how they each rely on perspective to generate critical meaning.
Open Access
Ahmet Hâşim şiirlerinde zaman
(2010) Kocabay, Hatice
Poet and prose writer Ahmet Hâşim (1884-1933), a unique contributor to Modern Turkish Literature, penned down various great works. Although significant amount of scholarly research in the form of memoir and survey has been conducted on his life and unconventional individuality, little work has been done on his poetry. The works of Hâşim are usually associated with symbolism and impressionism. Indeed, most of the work done on his poetry also limit themselves with a similar deduction that his poems are either “symbolist” or “impressionist”. The lack of any profound analysis on how these two movements affected Hâşim’s poetry in the realm of language or what were their contributions to the content in terms of themes has led to a critical blockage. Although in his works he explains his poetics as “poems composed not to be understood but to be heard”, he has still succeeded to preserve his place in the realm of literary criticism as the composer of inconceivable poems. This work aims at analysing the matter of Time in Hâşim’s poetry and attempts to argue what has not been argued so far. It can be considered as a new step in the context of the interpretation of Hâşim’s poetry. Depending on the effects of symbolism and impressionism, two distinct concepts of time prevail in the poetry of Ahmet Hâşim. In symbolist poems the understanding of time is subjective, synchronic and immeasurable whereas in impressionist poems it is objective, measurable and progressive. In symbolist poems, through uncompleted meanings and a wide range of connotations of symbols, “Cyclical Time” is referred. Thus, the theoretical background of the thesis entails some explanation on the key concepts of Bergson’s philosophy of time such as “Durée” and “Memory”. In impressionist poems it can be observed that there are certain sections in which linear time is attempted to be frozen in one frame through the depiction of images and a cinematographic narration. Image as a visual element is a component in these poems with the notion of linear time. The place of image in language plane and its effect on the composition of themes will be analyzed in the context of time.
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Bir Felsefe Sistemi Olarak Reklamcılık
(1989)
Open Access
Colour contribution to children's wayfinding in school environments
(Elsevier, 2011) Helvacioglu, E.; Olgunturk, N.
The purpose of this study was to explore the contribution of colour to children's wayfinding ability in school environments and to examine the differences between colours in terms of their remembrance and usability in route learning process. The experiment was conducted with three different sample groups for each of three experiment sets differentiated by their colour arrangement. The participants totalled 100 primary school children aged seven and eight years old. The study was conducted in four phases. In the first phase, the participants were tested for familiarity with the experiment site and also for colour vision deficiencies by using Ishihara's tests for colour-blindness. In the second phase, they were escorted on the experiment route by the tester one by one, from one starting point to one end point and were asked to lead the tester to the end point by the same route. In the third phase, they were asked to describe verbally the route. In the final phase, they were asked to remember the specific colours at their correct locations. It was found that colour has a significant effect on children's wayfinding performances in school environments. However, there were no differences between different colours in terms of their remembrances in route finding tasks. In addition, the correct identifications of specific colours and landmarks were dependent on their specific locations. Contrary to the literature, gender differences were not found to be significant in the accuracy of route learning performances.
Open Access
The contribution of perceptual disfluency in auditory and visual modalities to actual and predicted memory performance
(2020-01) Ardıç, Ecem Eylül
Research has shown that perceptual disfluencies may affect both actual and predicted memory performance. However, the contribution of perceptual disfluency in multiple modalities to actual and predicted memory has not been investigated and different perceptual modalities may affect these variables to varying extents. The current study investigated how disfluency in visual and auditory modalities may influence actual and predicted memory performance. In a set of three experiments, participants were presented with food recipes in visual and auditory modalities through short clips and were asked to remember these recipes for a later memory test. They also made judgments about the memorability of clips during encoding. The clips were presented in an intact form in visual and auditory modalities, or were distorted in one or both of the modalities. Experiment 1 used a within-subjects design with four study-test cycles, where participants were exposed four complete food recipes. Results revealed that only the distortions in the auditory modality lowered participants’ memory predictions. Experiment 2 used a between-subjects design, in which participants were continually exposed to the same type of perceptual fluency/disfluency condition. This type of design failed to influence memory predictions. For Experiment 3, unique and unrelated steps from different food recipes were selected to eliminate the effect of logical order between items. When the logical order was eliminated, both visual and auditory disfluencies lowered participants’ JOLs, but auditory disfluency affected JOLs more than visual disfluency. Actual memory performance remained unaffected in all three experiments. This study demonstrated that distortions in both modalities jointly affect the JOLs, even though distortions in auditory modality seem to be more effective. The results are discussed in the light of the perceptual fluency hypothesis as well as the use of multiple cues in making memory predictions. When more than one perceptual cue is used, one of the cues might outweigh the other cue under certain conditions.
Open Access
Cooking through perceptual disfluencies: The effects of auditory and visual distortions on predicted and actual memory performance
(Springer New York LLC, 2022-11-23) Ardıç, Ecem Eylül; Besken, Miri
The current study investigated the joint contribution of visual and auditory disfuencies, or distortions, to actual and predicted memory performance with naturalistic, multi-modal materials through three experiments. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants watched food recipe clips containing visual and auditory information that were either fully intact or else distorted in one or both of the two modalities. They were asked to remember these for a later memory test and made memory predictions after each clip. Participants produced lower memory predictions for distorted auditory and visual information than intact ones. However, these perceptual distortions revealed no actual memory diferences across encoding conditions, expanding the metacognitive illusion of perceptual disfuency for static, single-word materials to naturalistic, dynamic, multi-modal materials. Experiment 3 provided naïve participants with a hypothetical scenario about the experimental paradigm used in Experiment 1, revealing lower memory predictions for distorted than intact information in both modalities. Theoretically, these results imply that both in-the-moment experiences and a priori beliefs may contribute to the perceptual disfuency illusion. From an applied perspective, the study suggests that when audio-visual distortions occur, individuals might use this information to predict their memory performance, even when it does not factor into actual memory performance.
Open Access
Cyberspace as a locus for urban collective memory
(2013) Sak, Segah
However salient the concept of cyberspace is, this study is an exploration of the relationship of people with their places. With a socio-spatial approach, this work sets forth a theoretical plexus between collective memory, cyberspace and urban space. This construction intrinsically relies on a conflation of associations and dynamics of memory, technology and place. Accordingly, the study explores analogies between cyberspace and memory, and between cyberspace and urban space. Merging qualities of the given concepts reveal that the cyberspace presents contemporary formations both of memory and of place. In the light of this premise, the study argues that cyberspace potentially constitutes an external urban collective memory and that it should be utilized to invent cyberplaces in this context. To understand the extent to which such potential is realized, a sample of the websites of existing location-based digital storytelling or oral history projects are investigated. To illustrate the means of projecting a cyberplace as a locus of urban collective memory, a model is established and a pilot website is created. Depending on the theoretical construction and the following propositions, a guideline for possible future implementations is generated. The intention is to bring cyberspace – the indispensible component of contemporary everyday life – to the light as a media that can be used to strengthen people’s relationship with cities rather than submitting our thought to the unavailing dystopia of digital culture.
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Deniz kızleri için bir İstanbul şarkısı
(2000) Armutak, Yeşim Saygın
Open Access
Designing mosques for secular congregations: Transformations of the mosque as a social space in Turkey
(Locke Science Publishing, 2011) Özaloglu, S.; Gürel, M. O.
This study examines contemporary meanings and uses of the mosque in Turkey by arguing that productive architectural plans require understanding both the socio-historical development of the mosque and the socio-political transformations that have led to the mosque's current position in society. Mosque space is conceptualized as a physical environment that cultivates the formation and transformation of individual, social, and collective memories. The study questions whether the mosque still exhibits the qualities of a social space and whether new and innovative mosque designs reflect - programmatically, architecturally, and spatially - transformations related to their current uses and social meanings. These questions are explored through interviews, two questionnaires, and a worksheet, all of which involve a case study of Dogramacizade Mosque in Ankara. On one hand, the findings underscore the changing relationship between Muslim women and mosque space as a result of the transformation of congregations into citizens of a contemporary secular nation and suggest that spatial designs of mosques should take present-day behaviors and practices into consideration rather than ignoring this social aspect through which transformations occur. On the other hand, the collective memory of congregation members resists changing the allocation of prayer halls in the mosque. Members are in favor of continuing the traditional layout of separated spaces based on gender differences. The resistance implies that collective memory changes much slower than behaviors or lifestyles in terms of gender issues. Additionally, parallel to the findings, modernization of the mosque brings forth the idea of resurrecting the mosque s historical form as a social complex that fundamentally conflicts with secularity.
Open Access
Does distance affect memory predictions by activating beliefs about perceptual fluency
(2016-06) Elibüyük, Esra
People predict their future memory performance to be better for the perceptually fluent stimuli than for the disfluent ones. For instance, their memory confidence is higher for the words written in large fonts than small fonts (Rhodes and Castel, 2008). This effect was previously believed to stem from experiential difficulty in encoding of the disfluent stimuli. However, a recent study showed that, one’s beliefs and theories, rather than experiential difficulty, make the major contribution to the effect of perceptual fluency on people’s memory predictions (Mueller, Dunlosky, Tauber and Rhodes, 2014). The close relationship between spatial distance and perceptual fluency increases the likelihood that spatial distance affects people’s memory predictions in the absence of experiential difficulty. The present study investigated the effect of perceived spatial distance on people’s judgments of learning (JOLs) and actual memory performance in two experiments. The perceived spatial distance of stimuli was manipulated by showing the stimuli at either top or bottom positions on a scene with depth perspective. At the same time, the depth cue was expected to produce physical size illusion enabling comparing the effects of perceived spatial distance and perceived size on JOLs. Results revealed no effect of perceived spatial distance or perceived size on JOLs and memory performance when tested with words (Experiment 1) or objects (Experiment 2). The null results for perceived size and JOLs were believed to stem from the size differences within the stimuli.
Open Access
Effect of color on memory through signage systems in train stations
(2020-09) Doğan, Ezgi Memnune
In complex buildings, it is important to remember the color of information while finding the way with correct identifications. The purpose of the study is to understand the relationship between misleading information and color with the wayfinding process in train stations to compare different colors in terms of recognition. Recognition of color is tested according to false memory studies with misinformation paradigm. The experiment was conducted with six different colors; orange, magenta, turquoise, purple, white, and black. The participants were a total of ninety people of various ages and professions. The study was conducted in two phases. Firstly, they answered questions about the viewing conditions of their devices (smartphones, pad, laptop, and desktop). Secondly, they watched the first and the second videos that consisted of different sign colors in a virtual train station and answered questions that included images of the signage. It was found that there was no difference between different colors on remembering the sign color, misleading information, color scheme, location of the signage, color order, and color pairing. The colors included in the study were remembered in all considerations. The findings of the experiment can guide architects, interior architects and graphic designers who may be interested in sign design.
Open Access
Facebook communities about nostalgic photos of Turkey: creative practices of remembering and representing the past
(Routledge, 2017) Savaş, Ö.
This article focuses on Facebook communities about nostalgic photos of Turkey to explore how citizenship is enacted through the participatory and collaborative use of social media to remember and represent the past. By sharing their personal photos, knowledge, testimonies, narratives and life stories, members of these communities actively and creatively use social media to generate new ways of remembering and representing the past, as well as improving its accessibility and visibility. Furthermore, through exchanging affectively and politically charged photos and conversations about the past, participants fashion nostalgia as a public feeling that becomes a source for affective political criticism of the present. This article addresses the participatory and collaborative creation of knowledge and memory of the past to discuss everyday creative citizenship practices facilitated by social media. © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Open Access
A figure of merit for optimization of nanocrystal flash memory design
(2008) Dâna, A.; Akca, I.; Aydınlı, Atilla; Turan, R.; Finstad, T. G.
Nanocrystals can be used as storage media for carriers in flash memories. The performance of a nanocrystal flash memory depends critically on the choice of nanocrystal size and density as well as on the choice of tunnel dielectric properties. The performance of a nanocrystal memory device can be expressed in terms of write/erase speed, carrier retention time and cycling durability. We present a model that describes the charge/discharge dynamics of nanocrystal flash memories and calculate the effect of nanocrystal, gate, tunnel dielectric and substrate properties on device performance. The model assumes charge storage in quantized energy levels of nanocrystals. Effect of temperature is included implicitly in the model through perturbation of the substrate minority carrier concentration and Fermi level. Because a large number of variables affect these performance measures, in order to compare various designs, a figure of merit that measures the device performance in terms of design parameters is defined as a function of write/erase/discharge times which are calculated using the theoretical model. The effects of nanocrystal size and density, gate work function, substrate doping, control and tunnel dielectric properties and device geometry on the device performance are evaluated through the figure of merit. Experimental data showing agreement of the theoretical model with the measurement results are presented for devices that has PECVD grown germanium nanocrystals as the storage media. Copyright
Open Access
Generating lies produces lower memory predictions and higher memory performance than telling the truth: evidence for a metacognitive illusion
(American Psychological Association, 2018) Besken, M.
Manipulations that induce disfluency during encoding generally produce lower memory predictions for the disfluent condition than for the fluent condition. Similar to other manipulations of disfluency, generating lies takes longer and requires more mental effort than does telling the truth; hence, a manipulation of lie generation might produce patterns similar to other types of fluency for memory predictions. The current study systematically investigates the effect of a lie-generation manipulation on both actual and predicted memory performance. In a series of experiments, participants told the truth or generated plausible lies to general knowledge questions and made item-by-item predictions about their subsequent memory performance during encoding, followed by a free recall test. Participants consistently predicted their memory performance to be higher for truth than for lies (Experiments 1 through 4), despite their typically superior actual memory performance for lies than for the truth (Experiments 1 through 3), producing double dissociations between memory and metamemory. Moreover, lying led to longer response latencies than did telling the truth, showing that generating lies is in fact objectively more disfluent. An additional experiment compared memory predictions for truth and lie trials via a scenario about the lie-generation manipulation used in the present study, which revealed superior memory predictions of truth than of lies, providing proof for a priori beliefs about the effects of lying on predicted memory (Experiment 5). The effects of the current lie-generation manipulation on metamemory are discussed in light of experience-based and theory-based processes on making judgments of learning. Theoretical and practical implications of this experimental paradigm are also considered.
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Gerçekler-yansımalar : Sanatçı ve bellek
(1990) Atasü, Erendiz
Open Access
Half asleep, winded losses : a visual survey on photography, memory and meaning
(2012) Bilgenoğlu, Begüm
As!Henry! Bergson! points! out,!memory!images! that!we! have! stored!in! our! minds! throughout!our!lives! trigger!our!past!experiences!and!help! form! the! moment! we! live! in. This! thesis! is! an! attempt! to challenge! my! perception! about! the! issues! that! are! bodily disturbing! for! me! in! my! memories.! It! is! related!with! the!level!of!intimacy!and! the!blurred!line!between!private!and! public!that!makes!me!uncomfortable.!This!thesis!explores!this!point!through! a! photo]text! project! consisting of different! sets! of! photographs! that! trigger! my!own!memories!through!wandering!on!the!body!and!outside. The!project!aims!to!activate!in!the!viewer!an!inner!journey!with the!help!of! close]up!body!images!and!photographs!taken!outside.!These!images,!which! come from!different!time,!space!and!bodies, are!grouped!into!sets!that!form! new! wholes.! These! visual! sets! are! accompanied! by! lines! from! various! unpublished!poems!in!order!to!simulate!the!audience!to!activate!them!with! their!own!memories and!create!new!readings.
Open Access
Holocaust education in Turkey: past, present, and future
(Sage Publications India Pvt. Ltd., 2016) Niyego, P. D.; Aytürk, İ.
The article emphasizes on the challenges stemming from writing the history of a multicultural, multiethnic, and multireligious, post-imperial society from the perspective of a nation-state that strives for sweeping all differences under the carpet. It focuses on the complete absence of Holocaust education in Turkish public curricula. There are various challenges that future Holocaust educators do and may face in Turkey and the article strives to address some of them. It concludes that Holocaust education can contribute to memory studies, citizenship, and human rights education in Turkey, empowering an already existing public debate on confronting Turkey’s troubled past
Open Access
Hybrid anatomies: an artistic research on body and perception in relation to actual and virtual
(2022-09) Senan, Nihal Işık
This research conceptualizes the relationship between the actual and the virtual in the context of body and self. The subject-matter of the thesis is based on personal memories of an illness, which caused distortions of reality. Conceptually the research reflects an intersection between sciences and philosophy. The second part of the research is a practical research on the methodologies of producing three-dimensional objects, and their effect on perception.
Open Access
The information effect: constructive memory, testimony, and epistemic luck
(2013) Michaelian, K.
The incorporation of post-event testimonial information into an agent's memory representation of the event via constructive memory processes gives rise to the misinformation effect, in which the incorporation of inaccurate testimonial information results in the formation of a false memory belief. While psychological research has focussed primarily on the incorporation of inaccurate information, the incorporation of accurate information raises a particularly interesting epistemological question: do the resulting memory beliefs qualify as knowledge? It is intuitively plausible that they do not, for they appear to be only luckily true. I argue, however, that, despite its intuitive plausibility, this view is mistaken: once we adopt an adequate (modal) conception of epistemic luck and an adequate (adaptive) general approach to memory, it becomes clear that memory beliefs resulting from the incorporation of accurate testimonial information are not in general luckily true. I conclude by sketching some implications of this argument for the psychology of memory, suggesting that the misinformation effect would better be investigated in the context of a broader "information effect".