Browsing by Subject "Marriage"

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Marriage and divorce in early twentieth century Ottoman society : the law of family rights of 1917
(2014) Altınbaş, Nihan
As a result of reforms, related socioeconomic changes, and wars, at the turn of the 20th century, problems related to family matters were demanding in the late Ottoman Empire. People were confused over issues of marriage, divorce, alimony, and inheritance. Muslim jurists and politicians thus eventually became aware of the need for change in Islamic family law. Besides, legal modernization and the use of law as a tool for social control—for the processes of nation building, the creation of the Ottoman citizen, and the establishment of a new family structure—in the late Ottoman Empire had changed the Ottoman legal culture and required a reform in all areas of Islamic law including the family law. Despite their importance, the issues of family law remain understudied for the late Ottoman Empire. The general historiography focuses on visible political institutions, diplomatic events, and intellectual currents. Besides, an equation of the West with progress and modernity and of the East with stagnation and tradition, which still dominates much of the discussion on family law reform, obscures the possible explanations. Hence, the main objective of this work is the presentation and exploration of the legal, political, sociocultural, and economic contexts of the family law reform and the reformed law’s application in the new Ottoman legal culture to examine the compatibility between legal innovation and the needs of state and society.
Open Access
Marriage and divorce in the late Ottoman Empire: social upheaval, women’s rights, and the need for new family law
(Sage Publications, 2014) Altinbaş, N.
A revision of family law became necessary in the late Ottoman Empire for several reasons. The sociocultural and economic landscape was transformed; war forced poor Muslim women who had lost their husbands into destitution; and the Ottoman state led by the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) was motivated by ideological concerns to push for new family and gender arrangements. Women's journals published in Istanbul along with official state documents in the late Ottoman Empire (1910-1917) are here explored for insights into this, afforded by the changing lives and perceptions of late Ottoman Istanbulites, leading to the conclusion that these combined with as well as reflected the various upheavals and movements of the time to prompt the legislative change. © 2013 The Author(s).
Open Access
Patterns of perceived partner responsiveness and well-being in Japan and the United States
(American Psychological Association, 2018) Taşfiliz, D.; Selçuk, E.; Günaydın, Gül; Slatcher, R. B.; Corriero, E. F.; Ong, A. D.
Quality of marital relationships is consistently linked to personal well-being. However, almost all of the studies linking marital processes to well-being have been conducted in Western (particularly North American) countries. Growing evidence shows that perceived partner responsiveness is a central relationship process predicting well-being in Western contexts but little is known about whether this association generalizes to other countries. The present work investigated whether the predictive role of perceived partner responsiveness in well-being differs across the United States and Japan-2 contexts with contrasting views on how the self is conceptualized in relation to the social group. A large life span sample of married or long-term cohabiting adults (n = 3,079, age range = 33-83 in the United States and n = 861, age range = 30-79 in Japan) completed measures of perceived partner responsiveness, hedonic and eudaimonic well-being, and demographic (age, gender, education) and personality (extraversion and neuroticism) covariates known to predict well-being. Perceived partner responsiveness positively predicted hedonic and eudaimonic well-being both in the U.S. and in Japan. However, perceived partner responsiveness more strongly predicted both types of well-being in the United States as compared with Japan. The difference in slopes across the 2 countries was greater for eudaimonic as compared with hedonic well-being. The interaction between perceived partner responsiveness and country held even after controlling for demographic factors and personality traits. By showing that the role of perceived partner responsiveness in well-being may be influenced by cultural context, our findings contribute to achieving a more nuanced picture of the role of relationships in personal well-being.
Open Access
Responsiveness as a key predictor of happiness: mechanisms and unanswered questions
(Springer, 2018) Günaydın, Gül; Selçuk, E.; Karagöbek, A. B.; Demir, M.; Sümer, N.
The importance of close relationships for happiness has long been recognized. This long-held interest has produced an increase in relevant empirical work investigating the links between relationships and personal well-being in the last three decades. Recent attempts at integrating this vast body of literature suggest that responsiveness—i.e., the belief that close relationship partners understand, validate, and care for us—is a core process linking close relationships to health and happiness. In the present chapter, we review the links between responsiveness and happiness, with an emphasis on studies of marital and long-term romantic relationships. The available evidence indicates that partner responsiveness improves happiness in both negative contexts (by preserving happiness in the face of stress and adversity) and positive contexts (by augmenting and prolonging happiness induced by pleasant events and supporting the pursuit of personally meaningful goals and self-actualization). We believe that future work should build on this literature by investigating intergenerational effects of partner responsiveness on offspring happiness, comparing the roles of different social network members in happiness, examining how cultural grounding of relationships modulate the responsiveness-happiness link, and identifying the different components of responsiveness critical for happiness across cultures and developmental stages.
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The Sexual Bond: Rethinking Families and Close Relationships by John Scanzoni
(1992) Smith, Raymond T.