Browsing by Subject "Liberalization"
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Item Restricted 1980 Darbesi sonrası kalkınma planları(Bilkent University, 2023) Özvurmaz, Ahmet Eren; Öztürk, Arda; Öziş, Bilge İdil; Tüten, Efe Ertan; Şener, Ağra EmirBu makalede 1980 ve sonrasında sosyal, ekonomik ve kültürel açıdan Türkiye’nin Batı Bloğu ülkelerinden etkilenmeye başlamasıyla birlikte benimsemeye başladığı Liberal Ekonomik Modeli’nin itici güç olduğu Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı’ndaki değişimler, bu teşkilatın öne sürdüğü ve planlamasını üstlendiği IV, V, VI ve VII. Kalkınma Planları, bu planların birbirleriyle olan ilişkilerinin kronolojik açıdan incelenip yorumlanması ve bu planların amaçları ve sonuçları incelenmiştir. DPT ve bu kurumun öne çıkan çalışmaları; dönemin Türkiye’sinin siyasi, ekonomik, sosyokültürel durumu göz önüne alınarak analiz edilmiştir.Item Restricted 1980-1994 Türkiye Sermaye Piyasası(Bilkent University, 2018) Kürkçüoğlu, Ahmet Hamdi; Dikbaş, Muhammet Burak; Eser, Oğuzhan; Ketenoğlu, TunaBu araştırma, 24 Ocak kararları ile beraber, Türkiye’deki finansal yapıdaki değişikleri, Türkiye sermaye piyasasını ve bu yapıların Türkiye ekonomisi üzerindeki etkilerini konu olarak ele almaktadır. Bu araştırmayı gerçekleştirmek amacı ile 80-94 yılları arası alınan liberalleşme ve küreselleşme olgusu dahilinde yürürlüğe konan strüktüel değişimlere vesile olan ekonomik politikalar, 24 Ocak Kararları, ve sermaye piyasası incelenmiş, Atatürk üniversitesi öğretim üyesi Profesör Gökalp Nuri Selçuk ile röportaj yapılmıştır. Daha sonrasında bu politikalar ve 80- 94 zaman dilimi süresince bu politikaların etkileri TüİK ve SPK verileri dahilinde sorgulanmıştır.Item Open Access A comparative study of Chinese and Turkish economic reform policies in the age of globalization(Bilkent University, 2006) Lee, Sun A.Though with different strategies and responses, yet all continue to share the same difficult task of development in this given conditions of globalizing world. My thesis compares and contrasts the reform history of China and Turkey under the overarching system of globalization as an attempt to find out better ways to achieve development. Although their socio-economic and political systems differ, China and Turkey have entered the world of globalization by launching the reform policies almost at the same time period and both faced the same elements of risks and opportunities generated by this system. My thesis utilizes the methodology of compare and contrast to examine China’s dualistic strategy of state regulation within an open economy and Turkey’s primary economic strategies based on the private enterprises to deduce that too much liberalization, especially in the field of financial market, could cause a slow-down to, if not harm, the economy. The thesis concludes with the speculation on how such success of Chinese economy could come to a halt if further liberalization especially in the form of capital account liberalization continues in the future.Item Open Access An Evaluation of the Turkish stabilization and liberalization policies since 1980, in the light of Southern Cone experience(Bilkent University, 1989) Çakal, RecepPurpose of this study is to compare the stabilization and liberalization policies implemented in the Southern Cone countries and Turkey. It investigates these policies in a comparative way, and evaluates the Turkish stabilization and liberalization policies in the light of the failure of the Southern Cone reform policies. Policies that were implemented show close similarities in all countries with slight differences, Argentina and Uruguay, for example, opened their capital account before liberalizing their trade. So was the outcomes of the reform policies. All countries initially were able to eliminate external imbalances, to moderate high rates of inflation, and also to achieve high rates of growth compared to prereform periods. However,the shift in stabilization policies in the form of using the exchange rate determination policy (tablita) as an anti-inflationary tool created inconsistencies and undermined the credibility of reform policies in the Southern Cone. Comparing with the Southern Cone, developments aftermath of the reform policies were in favor of Turkey in some aspects. The most obvious one was the higher performance in exports. Nevertheless, in some other aspects,developments resemble to the Southern Cone, such as unsustained monetary and fiscal restrictions and consequently, reemerged high rates of inflation was the common characteristic in all countries. In conclusion, at present, Turkey is at the edge of the success or failure in terms of reform policies that were implemented since 1980, and the success could be realized if corrective actions are taken immediately.Item Open Access Governments vs states: decoding dual governance in the developing world(Routledge, 2010) Aydinli, E.This article begins by questioning the transferability of Western conceptualisations of the 'state' to the developing world, particularly to those areas in which security concerns are extreme. It proposes that the complicated relationship between security and political liberalisation produces a reform- security dilemma, which in turn may result in dual-governance structures consisting of an autonomous 'state' bureaucracy and a relatively newer, political 'government'. The dynamics of such a duality are explored through a longitudinal comparison of two critical cases: Iran and Turkey. Both cases reveal evidence of the 'state' and 'government' as distinct bodies, emerging over time in response to conflicting pressures for security and liberalisation. While the Iranian case remains entrenched in a static duality with an advantaged 'state', the Turkish case provides optimism that, under certain conditions, an eventual subordination of the state to the political government can take place.Item Open Access The impact of financial liberalization and the rise of financial rents on income inequality: the case of Turkey(Oxford University Press, 2004) Yeldan, A. E.This is the third of five country case studies on income inequality, and investigates the impact of financial liberalization and the rise of financial rents on income inequality in Turkey. The chapter has five sections: Introduction; Indicators of Income Distribution: The Evidence-a broad overview, and evidence on the patterns of income distribution in Turkey over the last three decades; Macroeconomic Adjustment under Financial Liberalization and the Rise of Financial Rents-a discussion of the evolution of functional categories of income that includes an account of the macroeconomic adjustment; The Rising Fiscal Gap and the Role of the State in Regulating the Distributional Structure-a detailed analysis of the rise in public sector deficits and the distributive consequences of the widening fiscal gap; and Concluding Comments and Overall Assessment. Sect. 3 looks at the inherent tensions caused by the macroeconomic disequilibria embodied in the process of integration with world markets under conditions of a poorly supervised banking system and underdeveloped and fragile domestic asset markets; here, it is found to be analytically convenient to decompose the path of Turkish liberalization after 1980 into two major subperiods partitioned by the strategic step of capital account deregulation-which took place in 1989 and was completed by the full integration of the domestic market into global financial markets. This section also studies the patterns of the wage cycle and productivity growth using quantitative filtering techniques, and reports on the disassociation of labour remunerations from the productivity gains in the real sphere of the economy. © United Nations University/World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU/WIDER) 2004. All rights reserved.Item Open Access Patterns of financial capital flows and accumulation in the post-1990 Turkish economy(Routledge, 2003) Biçer, F. G.; Yeldan, E.The purpose of this paper is twofold: using time series econometrics, we first investigate the determinants of short-term foreign capital inflows for Turkey following its capital account liberalization in 1989. We next investigate the changing nature of the private investment function under post-capital account liberalization and deduce hypotheses on its correlation with capital inflows and the key macroeconomic prices, such as the exchange rate, the real rate of interest, and real wages. Our results suggest that financial capital inflows have a significant negative correlation with the industrial production index and trade openness, and are positively correlated with real currency appreciation. Fixed private investment was found to have an inconclusive relationship with financial capital inflows. Real wage costs were observed to carry a significant negative relationship with private investment, indicating that at a time of currency appreciation, investors had to rely on declining wage costs in order to keep their export competitiveness. Under the volatile and uncertain conditions of speculation-driven investment patterns, the downward flexibility of real wages has to be seen as a concomitant factor of the post-financial liberalization episodes.Item Open Access The technical inefficiency effects of Turkish banks after financial liberalization(Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2005) Demir, N.; Mahmud, S. F.; Babuscu, S.The banking sector in Turkey has grown significantly over the last two decades of financial liberalization. One of the aims of the financial liberalization was to improve efficiency through restructuring programs including the privatization of state banks and the encouragement of mergers. In this paper we identify key factors determining the technical efficiency differentials among Turkish commercial banks in the pre-and post-liberalization periods, using the technical inefficiency effects model. We found that loan quality, size, ownership of the banks, and profitability have a positive and significant impact on the technical efficiencies of banks. The results warrant implementation of effective regulatory measures to improve the quality of the earning assets of commercial banks. Furthermore, steps by the government to encourage acquisitions or mergers for private banks and the privatization of state-owned banks seem to be consistent in improving the overall efficiency of commercial banking in Turkey.Item Open Access Telecommunications policy reform in Turkey(Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2007) Akdemir, E.; Başçı, E.; Togan, S.This paper, considering the economic effects of liberalisation in the telecommunications sector on the Turkish economy, makes use of the empirical studies on the linkages between regulatory regimes and telecommunications prices. Since Turkey is trying to liberalise the telecommunications sector by following the EU approach to liberalisation, the paper considers briefly the regulatory regimes in the telecommunications sectors of the EU and Turkey, determines the ad valorem equivalent of barriers to the telecommunications services sector in Turkey, and derives estimates of the welfare effects of adopting the EU rules and regulations in the Turkish telecommunications sector. It shows that there is tremendous scope for Turkey to benefit from adopting and implementing the legislative, regulatory and institutional framework of the EU telecommunications sector. © 2007 The Authors Journal compilation © 2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.Item Open Access The Trans-Anatolian Pipeline (TANAP) as a unique project in the Eurasian gas network: a comparative analysis(Pergamon Press, 2015) Özdemir, Volkan; Yavuz, H. B.; Tokgöz, E.Trans-Anatolian Gas Pipeline (TANAP) as a part of the Southern Gas Corridor has significant implications for the transit security of the European Union and the domestic gas market of Turkey. Among those countries in Eurasia, only Turkey's process of liberalization is a success story, albeit an incomplete one. Surrounded by liberal markets to the West and monopolistic markets to the East, Turkey partially possesses a competitive gas market. TANAP, a unique project among the international pipelines in Eurasia, strengthens Turkey's peculiar position by de facto ending the monopoly of the incumbent BOTAŞ over gas transmission and thus contributes to the liberalization of the domestic market.