Browsing by Subject "Leadership"

Now showing 1 - 16 of 16

Open Access
A comparative analysis of the performance of the parliamentary left in the Indian states of Kerala, West Bengal and Tripura
(Routledge, 2012) Öktem, K. G.
This article compares the fortunes of the government coalitions under the leadership of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) or CPI(M) in Kerala, West Bengal and Tripura. The pattern of development and the success of the coalitions differ. In Kerala, the Left has lost every other election, whereas in West Bengal and Tripura, it has won many consecutive elections. West Bengal has seen stagnation in terms of human development, whereas Kerala and Tripura turnedto different degreesinto model states for human development. It is argued that the reasons for these different paths are to be found in the different strategies followed by the regional party units. Developmental success has been delivered through a mobilisation-based approach which has been followed inKerala and Tripura, but given up in West Bengal. This study explores thethree cases and elaborates on the reasons for the choice of strategies in the three states.
Open Access
European populist radical right leaders’ foreign policy beliefs: An operational code analysis
(Sage Publications, 2020-03) Özdamar, Özgür; Ceydilek, Erdem
Despite the significance of the subject, studies on the foreign policy preferences of European populist radical right leaders are scarce except for a handful of examples. Are European populist radical right leaders more hostile than other world leaders or comparatively friendly? Do they use cooperative or conflictual strategies to achieve their political goals? What are the leadership types associated with their strategic orientations in international relations? Using the operational code construct in this empirical study, we answer these questions and depict the foreign policy belief systems of seven European populist radical right leaders. We test whether they share a common pattern in their foreign policy beliefs and whether their foreign policy belief systems are significantly different from the norming group of average world leaders. The results indicate that European populist radical right leaders lack a common pattern in terms of their foreign policy belief systems. While the average scores of the analysed European populist radical right leaders suggest that they are more conflictual in their world views, results also show that they employ instrumental approaches relatively similar to the average group of world leaders. This article illuminates the microfoundations of strategic behaviour in international relations and arrives at conclusions about the role of European populist radical right leaders in mainstream International Relations discussions, such as idealism versus realism. In this sense, the cognitivist research school complements and advances structural accounts of international relations by analysing leadership in world affairs.
Open Access
Examining leaders' orientations to structural constraints: Turkey's 1991 and 2003 Iraq war decisions
(Palgrave Macmillan Ltd., 2017) Cuhadar E.; Kaarbo, J.; Kesgin, B.; Taner, B. O.
Explanations of states' security decisions prioritise structural - systemic, institutional and cultural - constraints that characterise foreign security decisions as a function of external/international, domestic/institutional, or normative/cultural factors. By examining Turkey's 1990-1991 and 2003 Iraq war decisions systematically, we problematise this prioritisation of structure, and we investigate the dynamic relationship between structural constraints and leaders in their decision-making environments. In these cases, while the structural constraints remain constant or indeterminate, the decision outcomes and the decision-making process differ significantly. Our findings, based on structured-focused comparison, process tracing, and leadership trait analysis, suggest that the leaders' personalities and how they react to constraints account for this difference and that dependence on only one set of factors leads to an incomplete understanding of security policies and international politics. We contribute to the broader understanding of leaders' personalities by suggesting that self-confidence and cognitive complexity are the key traits distinguishing leaders' orientations towards structural constraints. © 2016 Macmillan Publishers Ltd.
Open Access
Foreign policy operational codes of European populist radical right leaders
(2020-01) Ceydilek, Erdem
Recently, both in scholarly and policy circles, the populist radical right has been a popular and contested topic in Europe. Despite the increasing influence and visibility of European populist radical right (EPRR) parties and leaders, their foreign policy beliefs have not been studied thoroughly by scholars of International Relations (IR) and Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA), with a few descriptive exceptions. This study aims at filling this gap by linking the FPA and populist radical right literatures with an empirically and theoretically robust analysis. With an operational code analysis of the foreign policy beliefs of nine prominent EPRR leaders, this dissertation first seeks similarities or differences between EPRR leaders and also compare them to the average world leader, and then discuss the underlying reasons for the presence or lack of these similarities and differences. On the one hand, the results show that, in terms of beliefs about the political universe, the EPRR leaders can be grouped into two categories: Where nativism dominates over populism, the EPRR leaders’ beliefs about the political universe are more conflictual and vice versa. On the other hand, in terms of beliefs about foreign policy instruments, the general picture shows that the EPRR leaders are not and will not necessarily be conflictual. This study presents significant findings about the foreign policy beliefs of EPRR leaders and may also provide a basis for future research in this under-studied field.
Open Access
Globally responsible intergenerational leadership
(IGI Global, 2019) Aydoğmuş, Ceren; Puaschunder, J. M.
Today's workforce is more diverse than ever, comprised of five generational cohorts: Traditionalists, Baby Boomers, Generation X, Generation Y, and Generation Z. As each generation has its own values, beliefs, and expectations, their leadership preferences pose new challenges for organizations. In this chapter, leadership approaches are discussed, and the differences and similarities among preferred generational leadership styles are examined. The purpose of this chapter is to determine an appropriate leadership style that meets the needs of all generations, and globally responsible inter-generational leadership has been suggested as the most effective approach.
Open Access
The impact of transformational leadership on organizational and leadership effectiveness : the Turkish case
(Emerald Publishing Limited, 2008) Erkutlu, H.
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of leadership behaviors on both organizational and leader effectiveness at boutique hotels. Design/methodology/approach - A total of 722 subjects (60 managers and 662 non-managerial employees) participated in this study from 60 boutique hotels. Participants were told that the study was designed to collect information on the leadership styles used by managers and on the satisfaction and commitment of employees in the hospitality workforce. Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, Organizational Commitment Questionnaire and Job Descriptive Index were used to assess leadership behaviors of the boutique hotels' first-line managers and commitment and satisfaction levels of employees, respectively. Findings - There are significant relations between leadership behaviors and both organizational and leadership effectiveness. The findings support the suggestion in the literature that transformational leadership behaviors stimulate organizational commitment and job satisfaction in the hospitality industry. Research limitations/implications - There are several limitations that could be future research topics, such as hotels' source of funding, demographic characteristics of the participants. There is a question about the generalizability of these findings to other hospitality organizations such as four or five-star hotels. Originality/value - This paper explores an aspect of leadership in the hospitality industry that is often neglected. It provides compelling evidence for the importance of continuing the efforts to understand the nature of the leadership behaviors-effectiveness connection.
Restricted
İşte güç: kadınların öncülüğünde yükselen OPET’in hikayesi
(Bilkent University, 2024) Akpınarlı, Ayşegül; Cebeci, Ece Tuğba; Çınar, Özge Aylin; Karcı, Yaren Selen; Aydın, Zeynep Eda
Bu araştırma yazısında, iş dünyasındaki lider kadınların çalışma hayatında yaşadığı zorluklar ele alınmıştır. Ataerkil toplumun iş dünyasındaki kadınların rollerine ve liderliklerine koyduğu engellerden ve bu engellere karşı çözüm önerilerinden bahsedilmektedir. Cinsiyet eşitliği mücadelesinde kadınların özveriyle gösterdikleri başarıları yansıtılarak iş dünyasına olan katkıları vurgulanmıştır. Bu bağlamda, Nurten Öztürk'ün OPET’teki liderliği incelenmiştir. Öztürk'ün kariyerinin, deneyimlerinin ve öncülük ettiği projelerin kadınların iş dünyasındaki potansiyelini ortaya çıkarmak için güçlü bir örnek oluşturduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Öztürk, OPET'te görevini icra ederken karşılaştığı zorlukları aşarak kadınların liderlikteki rolünü öne çıkarmaya çalışmış ve toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğini sağlamak için çaba sarf etmiştir. Nurten Öztürk tarafından planlanan "Kadın Gücü" projesinde kadın istihdamının artırılması ve toplumsal bir farkındalık oluşturulması hedeflenmiştir. Bu nedenle, kadın ve erkek cinsiyet rollerinin iş dünyasındaki dinamiklerini konu alan makaleler, dergiler ve kitaplar incelenmiştir. Nurten Öztürk ile röportaj yapılmıştır.
Open Access
Navigating the Covid 19 turbulence in higher education: Evidence from Turkish faculty members
(Dokuz Eylul University, 2022-09-30) Örücü, Deniz; Kutlugün, Habibe Elif
Covid19 was the first pandemic of the modern era to strike with such virulence. We sought to understand this recent phenomenon and contribute to the empirical findings on the expectations from HEI leadership and management in Turkey. Drawing on the Turbulence Theory, we explored how the academic staff experienced the initial phase of the pandemic in Turkey and how they perceived the HE leaders’ navigation of the crisis at the selected universities. Within qualitative phenomonology, data from semi-structured interviews with a convenient sample of 10 academic staff in five public and five private universities in Turkey, was analysed through content analysis. Findings highlighted the opportunities and challenges of the pandemic for the faculty at personal and organizational level in an intersectional pattern. Moreover, the ways HEI leaders navigated the crisis created binaries in the form of experience vs. inexperience and trust vs. distrust. The challenges derived from the rapid but ineffective decision-making processes and the heightened surveillance mechanisms over the academic staff; which in some cases resulted in lack of trust. Hence, the turbulence level was shaped by how the universities and their leaders addressed it. In such cases, practices of building trustworthy connections, more distributive forms of leadership and robust communication; which would help the leaders to navigate the turbulence at times of crises are significant. Further recommendations are provided for research, policy and practice.
Open Access
Personal lives? The effects of nonwork behaviors on organizational image
(Sage, 2013-08) Umphress, E. E.; Tihanyi, L.; Bierman, L.; Gogus, C. I.
Organizational leaders may respond to employee nonwork behaviors because of the possible influence on organizational image. We describe a typology of nonwork behaviors and discuss their potential implications for organizational image. We explore conditions under which organizational leaders may attempt to control employee nonwork behaviors and review the available alternatives for organizational control. We conclude by discussing the theoretical and practical implications of research on nonwork behavior.
Restricted
Political Leadership and Nihilism: A Study of Weber and Nietzsche, By Robert Eden
(1986) Antonio, Robert J.
Open Access
The power of signaling: presidential leadership and rhetoric over 20 years
(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd., 2017) Kiessling, T.; Martin, T. M.; Yasar, B.
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the power of leadership rhetoric with a theoretical foundation of signaling theory. Past research mostly focus on followers and not other stakeholders and the authors attempt to fill that research gap. Design/methodology/approach: The research explored nearly 20 years and 51,500 pages of information from US presidents and explored the impact on stock market volatility using generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity. Findings: The research findings suggest that leaders can/do have a powerful impact on stakeholders. In particular negative statements will cause the greatest reaction due to risk adverse stockholders, neutral rhetoric will calm the market and decrease volatility and positive rhetoric was not significant. Research limitations/implications: Past research suggests that a focus on the consequences of leadership rhetoric be explored and the research suggests that people do respond to powerful leaders, even if they are not followers. Also the authors filled a gap in regard to the impact of leader communication about economic and marketplace events. Practical implications: Practitioners benefit from the research as they can focus upon the US presidents’ rhetoric and strategically apply the research as they can predict the movement of the stock market immediately thereafter. Originality/value: Very little research has ever explored the impact of a leader’s rhetoric and the subsequent economic impact, and no one has explored in particular the president’s rhetorical impact (who is considered by many the top leader in the USA).
Open Access
A small yes for presidentialism: the Turkish constitutional referendum of April 2017
(Routledge, 2017) Esen, B.; Gümüşçü, Ş.
Following four elections in three years, on 16 April 2017 Turkish voters once again went to the polls - this time under the emergency law established after the failed coup attempt of July 2016 - to vote on constitutional amendments aimed at replacing the existing parliamentary system with an executive presidency. This article reviews the content of the proposed constitutional amendments, analyses the campaign including the strategies employed by the main political actors in the ‘Yes’ and ‘No’ camps and the resource advantages enjoyed by the ruling party, assesses the electoral performance of both sides through a summary of results from provincial areas and geographical regions, and considers how Turkish politics are likely to take shape under the new system. © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Restricted
The Abundance of Solutions: Some Thoughts for Theoretical and Practical Solution Seekers
(1982) Meindl, James R.
Open Access
Turkish leaders and their foreign policy decision-making style: a comparative and multi-method perspective
(Routledge, 2020-02-09) Çuhadar, Çerağ Esra; Kaarbo, J.; Kesgin, B.; Özkeçeci Taner, B.
Using both quantitative and qualitative research techniques, we investigate the effect of leaders’ style and personality on foreign policy. The study examines six Turkish leaders, Süleyman Demirel, Bülent Ecevit, Necmettin Erbakan, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Abdullah Gül, and Turgut Özal, and 18 foreign policy cases to answer the following questions: do Turkish leaders differ from each other in terms of their personality traits and styles?; how did their styles affect their foreign policy choices?; and how did they react to various domestic and international constraints they encountered in cases of foreign policy? Our findings suggest that: (a) in terms of their personality traits, Turkish leaders do not collectively fit in one category; (b) there are some stark differences among our six leaders, although some leaders are more similar to each other than others in terms of their personality traits and styles; (c) these differences were observable in the foreign policy decisions they made.
Open Access
Understanding new middle eastern leadership: an operational code approach
(SAGE Publications, 2018) Özdamar, Özgür; Canbolat, S.
Political Islam and Islamist organizations have broadly gained strength across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) in the post-Cold War era. Following the Arab uprisings, the Muslim Brotherhood (MB), generally viewed as the world’s largest and most influential Islamist organization, has shaped the wider landscape of MENA politics. This study examines MB leadership by comparing M. Morsi of Egypt, R. Ghannouchi of Tunisia, and K. Meshaal of Gaza as examples of Islamist leaders to explain their political belief systems and predict their foreign-policy behavior. We use the operational code approach, a content-analysis software and statistical tests to conduct the study. Results show that the three leaders’ foreign policy beliefs are analogous to the averages of world leaders. Results also partially support the hypothesis that their foreign-policy propensities are similar to each other. We conclude that despite the conventional portrayal of MB leadership, these leaders use negotiation and cooperation to settle their differences in foreign affairs, and the best way to approach them is to engage in a Rousseauvian assurance game that emphasizes international social cooperation. Results also suggest important implications in terms of mainstream international relations theories.
Open Access
Unveiling the process behind counterinsurgency: three essays on the impact of leadership, group and societal dynamics on policymaking
(2024-05) Düveroğlu, Buse
This dissertation endeavors to unravel the intricate dynamics influencing incumbent leaders’ counterinsurgency strategies, particularly the determinants behind their choices between violent and non-violent approaches in combating insurgencies. By adopting a comprehensive approach, this research delves into domestic political processes, group-constituency dynamics, and governmentsociety relations to elucidate the underlying patterns in counterinsurgency policymaking. Empirical investigation reveals that inexperienced leaders are prone to resorting to violence as a counterinsurgency tactic, whereas their experienced counterparts exhibit a propensity to eschew violent measures, opting instead for a blend of non-violent strategies. Furthermore, the influence of leader experience is contingent upon regime type, with short tenure leaders displaying nuanced responses depending on whether they govern within democratic or anocratic frameworks. Moreover, the study uncovers a trend wherein governments tend to maintain non-responsiveness when confronted with terrorist groups possessing a positive reputation yet become more aggressive when facing those with a negative reputation. Notably, in societies characterized by heightened affective polarization, governments exhibit a heightened inclination toward resorting exclusively to violent means in addressing rebel threats. By shedding light on these intricate dynamics, this research makes a significant contribution to conflict studies, paving the way for a more nuanced understanding of the interplay between conflict dynamics at different levels and counterinsurgency efforts.