Browsing by Subject "Knowledge"

Now showing 1 - 10 of 10

Open Access
Cognitive individualism and the child as scientist program
(2011) Wringe, B.
In this paper, I examine the charge that Gopnik and Meltzoff's 'Child as Scientist' program, outlined and defended in their 1997 book Words, Thoughts and Theories is vitiated by a form of 'cognitive individualism' about science. Although this charge has often been leveled at Gopnik and Meltzoff's work, it has rarely been developed in any detail.I suggest that we should distinguish between two forms of cognitive individualism which I refer to as 'ontic' and 'epistemic' cognitive individualism (OCI and ECI respectively). I then argue - contra Ronald Giere - that Gopnik and Meltzoff's commitment to OCI is relatively unproblematic, since it is an easily detachable part of their view. By contrast, and despite their explicit discussion of the issue, their commitment to ECI is much more problematic.
Open Access
Colour contribution to children's wayfinding in school environments
(Elsevier, 2011) Helvacioglu, E.; Olgunturk, N.
The purpose of this study was to explore the contribution of colour to children's wayfinding ability in school environments and to examine the differences between colours in terms of their remembrance and usability in route learning process. The experiment was conducted with three different sample groups for each of three experiment sets differentiated by their colour arrangement. The participants totalled 100 primary school children aged seven and eight years old. The study was conducted in four phases. In the first phase, the participants were tested for familiarity with the experiment site and also for colour vision deficiencies by using Ishihara's tests for colour-blindness. In the second phase, they were escorted on the experiment route by the tester one by one, from one starting point to one end point and were asked to lead the tester to the end point by the same route. In the third phase, they were asked to describe verbally the route. In the final phase, they were asked to remember the specific colours at their correct locations. It was found that colour has a significant effect on children's wayfinding performances in school environments. However, there were no differences between different colours in terms of their remembrances in route finding tasks. In addition, the correct identifications of specific colours and landmarks were dependent on their specific locations. Contrary to the literature, gender differences were not found to be significant in the accuracy of route learning performances.
Open Access
Conveyor of adab, the power of 'ilm: the legitimacy of poetry in the mukaddime of meşâirü'ş-şu'arâ
(2016-06) Ekiz, Ahmet Barış
Focusing on the introduction (mukaddime) of Meşâirü'ş-Şu'arâ, a biographical dictionary written by Aşık Çelebi, this thesis deals with the text‘s description and discussion of the legitimacy of poetry with reference to the conception of adab. Firstly, in order to interpret the theoretical framework given for poetry in the introduction, I summarized the historical contexts and the usage areas of adab. Among these contexts, I determined that the introduction puts forward the understanding of adab as a set of literary skills needed for religious scholarship, which was prevalent in 'the post-Sunni revival'. Interestingly, Âşık‘s introduction to his tezkire, whose form and content were determined according to this specific meaning of adab, differs from its Iranian and Ottoman predecessors in that it often refers to the 'ulema, recounting chronologically from the eponymous founders of Hanafi and Shafii schools to Ottoman Shaykh al-Islams. Additionally, I propose that by defining the role of poetry as an auxiliary tool to comprehend Quran, the introduction reflects a scholar-centered vision. Related to this, I try to interpret the relationship between poetry and Quran through the Quranic studies, which starting with al-Zamakhshari take rhetorics as a basis for approaching the holy text. By doing so, I aim to show how the key rhetorical concepts fesahat (clarity of expression) and belagat (eloquence) were able to connect the 'literary' and the 'religious'. Apart from promoting the harmony between şi'r (poetry) and şer'(Islamic law), one of the main intentions of the introduction is to demonstrate that poetry has not only a passive but also an active part in the practice of Islamic law. That the introduction has Ebussuud Efendi in its center as a model of scholar-litterateur type exemplifies this active role. By attributing Ebussuud‘s superiority over other Islamic scholars to his eloquence, the introduction reinforces its main message: On condition that poetry conveys adab, it provides a thorough (and thereby supreme) knowledge of religion. Finally, I offer an autobiographical reading in an attempt to explain the scholarcentered point of view reflected in the introduction. To support my arguments, I refer to Meşa'irü‟ş-Şuara as well as his poetry collection (Divan), especially the point in the introduction in which the author, Âşık Çelebi gets involved in the text as a pupil of Ebussuud to show that his master‘s eloquence seen in his fatwa was partly thanks to him. Moreover, by examining these autobiographical fragments which provide elements to establish the author‘s identity, I aim to show how the content of the introduction becomes in a way the author‘s 'natural legacy'.
Open Access
Economics of the patent system
(2000) Dilek, Ali Nihat
Since knowledge has “public good” characteristics, it is shown that the price system cannot determine the efficient allocation and production of knowledge. As a result, alternative allocative mechanisms are proposed as solutions to the public goods problem. But knowledge differs from classical public goods. Because of these differences, various arrangements have been proposed to deal with allocational problems in the production of knowledge. One of these arrangements refers to the patent system, where the society is granting private producers of new knowledge exclusive rights to the use of their creations, thereby forming conditions for the existence of markets in intellectual property and enabling the originators to collect fees for the use of their work by others. The thesis is about the economics of patent protection. After considering the economics of knowledge and discussing the history of the patent system and characteristics of the U.S. Patent Law, the thesis studies the international trade dimensions of intellectual property. Thereafter, partial and general equilibrium models of the patent system are developed for the study of the characteristics of the patent system and for the analysis of the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) Agreement. It is shown that welfare cost of the patent system increases with increases in patent duration, degree of love of variety of the society, and the country size. The North - South patent protection model developed in the thesis, deals with possible effects of patent duration on technological differences between these poles. The findings imply that, technological lag between developed and developing countries is non-decreasing in global patent duration.
Open Access
High school students’ knowledge level of, attitudes toward and interest in cancer
(2017-05) Yıldırım, Ilgın
Cancer is one of the most common diseases in recent years. However, there are very few studies which investigate adolescents’ cancer awareness and thoughts about cancer in Turkey. This research explored high school students’ (N= 275, %56 female and %44 male students) level of knowledge about risk factors, attitudes toward and interest in cancer. The required data were collected from three private schools in Ankara and one private school in Erzurum via questionnaire. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, v.24.0) was used to analyze the data. The results indicated that most of the students were successful at identifying cancer risk factors except for “overweight” and all non-carcinogenic factors. In addition, most of the participants had negative attitudes toward cancer, whereas they did not tend to exhibit cancer protective behaviors. Furthermore, most of the participants were not interested in “cancer topic.” In addition, female students had more negative thoughts and tended to exhibit more protective behavior toward cancer than male students. However, no gender difference was found in terms of the students’ level of knowledge about risk factors and interest in cancer. In the direction of these results, the current study suggests that exploring high school students’ existing level of knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and interests about cancer contribute to teachers, curriculum and lesson material developers to form an effective cancer education.
Open Access
High school students’ level of knowledge and attitudes towards the use of technology in biology classrooms
(2021-01) Yalım, Ecem
Through the rapid development of technology of our age more technology tools are used in the field of education. In education, the use of technology and its tools affects students’ attitudes towards lessons. Therefore, technology and its tools have been used in the education field to provide opportunities for students to have better educational environments and to improve their learning. This study aims to investigate high school students’ (N= 612, 58% female and 42% male students) level of knowledge and attitudes towards the use of technology in biology classrooms. In this quantitative study, a questionnaire was used to collect data from four different high school in Ankara province. As a result of this study, the most used technology tools in biology classrooms are video, animation and interactive white board. In terms of gender difference, it was concluded that male students’ knowledge level of technology and its tools used in biology classrooms are higher than female students. However, it was explored that female students’ attitudes are more positive than male students' attitudes in biology classrooms. Finally, there is a weak correlation between students’ technology knowledge and the program that they follow in schools. On the other hand, there is no relationship between students’ attitudes towards technology and the program that they follow. Considering the results, the present study suggests that the technology and its tools used in high school biology classrooms will be useful in informing teachers and educational program developers about students’ level of technology knowledge and attitudes towards technology.
Open Access
Inclusive design: developing students' knowledge and attitude through empathic modelling
(Routledge, 2014-06-26) Altay, Burçak; Demirkan, Halime
To enhance the function and quality of built environments, designers should consider all possible users in their design projects. Therefore, it is essential to incorporate inclusive design in the education of the design student. This study focuses on the educational objectives of and related learning activities in a course where inclusive design is one of the main subjects. Through empathic modelling, students' engagement with the course was enhanced. Within the course, students simulated disabled users while they experienced the campus environment using wheelchairs, crutches or blindfolds. Their experiences were reflected through descriptive texts and poster designs. Descriptive texts were analysed through developing themes and codes whereas posters were analysed through a content analysis method. Our findings showed that students developed their knowledge of inclusive design concerning the physical environment, the self and the social environment. They also developed immediate emotional responses and a positive attitude towards diversity and inclusion. Thus, empathic modelling supported the development of cognitive and affective learning domains of the novice designer, supporting inclusive design education.
Open Access
Knowledge and wisdom: a reading of the digression in the Theaetetus
(2020-06) İsmet, Doğacan
The Theaetetus digression has attracted scholars in both its form and content. No final answer is given as to how we should read the digression. I propose another reading, which engages in the structural intricacies of the Theaetetus and its implications of the digression. To do so, I attend to Mitchell Miller's reading of the Republic and I show that the digression is in fact about the unity of mathematics and philosophy. The digression, I argue, naturally divides into two. Its first part corresponds to the ones who become philosophers on their own account, its second part corresponds to the ones the city educates in the Republic. The digression, therefore, neither portrays a caricature, nor is its flying philosopher the ideal of Platonism. The Socrates of the Theaetetus, I argue, looks for someone who will continue philosophy after him, and his directives to Theaetetus follow the direction of the Republic‘s curriculum toward dialectic.
Open Access
Level of knowledge, attitudes and interest of Turkish high school students towards cancer
(Sage Publications, 2020-12) Yıldırım Usta, Ilgın; Ateşkan, Armağan
Objective: This study investigated Turkish high school students’ knowledge about risk factors for cancer, their interest in the disease, and their affective and behavioural attitudes towards it. Design: Quantitative survey. Setting: Data collection took place in three private schools in Central Turkey and one private school in Eastern Turkey. Method: Students (N=275; 56% female students, 44% male students) completed a paper-and-pencil questionnaire and described their level of knowledge regarding cancer risk factors, as well as their attitudes and interest in the disease. For data analysis, the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, v.24.0) was used. Results: Results indicated that most students succeeded in identifying nearly all carcinogenic (except for overweight) and non-carcinogenic risk factors. In addition, while most participants held negative attitudes towards cancer, they typically did not exhibit cancer protective behaviours, and most participants were not interested in cancer as a topic. Conclusion: Exploring high school students’ levels of knowledge, attitudes and interests in regard to cancer may provide curriculum developers with information that enables the development of effective cancer education for Turkish high school students.
Restricted
Yalnızım: Biliyorum
(1993) Nesimi, Necati