Browsing by Subject "Islam and politics."

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    Kenan Evren's and Turgut Özal's conceptualizations of secularism : a comparative perspective
    (1994) Duran, Burhanettin
    Present study aims to analyze in a comparaiive perspective. Kenan Evren's and Turgut Özal's conceptualizations of secularism. beaı-ing in mind the nature of secularism and the role of religion in the Turkish polity have changed significantly in the 1 980s and the early 1990s. For Evren, secularism is not only a guarantee of the religious freedam and conscience but also it protects Turkish national unity. But Özal puts an emphasis on the freedam side of secularism and on the protection of the rights of pious Muslims. As a paraBel development to the saftening of the Kemalist secularism in the !980s, Isiarn seems to have a function of civil religion for both Evren and Özal but with the difference that while the former emphasizes the moral side of Islam, the latter considers Islam as a ci\ril societal mntter and tries to harmanize religious values with democratic political Yalues. The study is also intended to show the influence of Ziya Gökalp's system of thought to both Evren's and Özal's conceptualization of secularism.
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    Özal's politics with special reference to religion
    (1997) Çemrek, Murat
    Present thesis aims to analyze ÖzaTs politics while taking his special reference to religion into consideration. About Özal's politics, domestic and international politics, the Southeast problem, economy and religion form the framework of this study. During 1983-1993, when Özal was on the stage either as Prime Minister or President, religion became an important factor in the life of Turkish society and the style of the relations between politics and religion changed a great deal. Özal introduced a new identity to Turkey since he defined himself as both a Muslim and a modern person. On the one hand, Özal stressed that Turkey is a secular state, on the other hand, he indicated that Islam kept society together. As a conclusion, Özal is evaluated as the last Ottoman sultan who is an engineer-merchant one but not a mullah. This evaluation generates from ÖzaTs style in policy formation as an engineer calculating the optimum risks and as a merchant searching for the most profitable one.
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    Understanding the new middle eastern leaders : an operational code approach
    (2014) Canbolat, Sercan
    Political Islam and particular Islamist organizations have broadly gained strength across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) in the post-Cold War era. The Muslim Brotherhood (MB) is viewed as the world‘s largest and most influential Islamist organization impinging upon the wider landscape of contemporary MENA politics. The psychological approach contends that the characteristics of leaders making foreign policy are crucial to understanding ultimate foreign policy outcomes (Hudson 2005). In this literature, the study of leaders‘ beliefs is one the most progressive approaches to world politics which focuses on leaders‘ belief systems and their impacts on foreign policy-making (Leites 1951; George 1969). By utilizing the operational code analysis, this research aims to unravel the general patterns of Islamist foreign policy iv manifested itself in three MB-affiliated MENA leaders‘ foreign policy behaviors in the post-Arab uprisings era: Egypt‘s Morsi, Tunisia‘s Ghannouchi, and Hamas‘ Meshaal. Two main hypotheses are posited in this thesis. First, the foreign policy beliefs of three MB-affiliated MENA leaders are not significantly different from the world leaders‘ included in the ‗norming group.‘ Secondly, it is hypothesized that foreign policy behaviors of three Islamist leaders designate uniformity pattern even though these leaders operate in quite different political and cultural settings. The analysis results yield that operational codes of three MB leaders are analogous to the average world leader‘s since there are only a few statistically significant differences. The findings also support the argument that despite operating in different political systems, all three MBIslamists exhibit similar foreign policy behaviors towards the ‗other‘ in a strategic environment.