Browsing by Subject "International Relations"

Now showing 1 - 9 of 9

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Diplomacy in the information age: the use of information technologies in verification
(2006) Fidan, Hakan
One of the major arguments of this dissertation is that the information revolution has had significant impact on verification of existing international agreements. To support this argument, the relation between information revolution and international relations is tackled by examining systemic and unit level effects as well as impacts of information revolution on security, conflict management and international cooperation, and then the theory and practice of verification is discussed in detail with emphasis on regime theories and issues challenging verification. Finally, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) are selected as two case studies for the purpose of analyzing the impacts of information revolution. At the conclusion, based on the findings from the operations of the IAEA and the CTBTO, it is suggested that verification has become even more useful in international relations since it became more effective in detecting cheating thanks to the new information technologies.
Open Access
Exogenous shocks and governing energy security
(2017-07) Diriöz, Ali Oğuz
The research examines how governments maintain energy security when faced with exogenous shocks. The main focus of inquiry examines the relative influence of markets vs. geopolitics in the area of energy security using the comparative case studies of Turkey, France, and Netherlands, which are OECD economies and NATO members, but feature diverse settings and contexts as well as different energy mixes, geographies, and demographics. The research then inquires how these countries’ respective governments responded to four exogenous shocks: a) 2003 invasion of Iraq and ensuing oil price hike; b) Russia-Ukraine natural gas crisis of 2005/6; c) 2008 world economic crisis and ensuing extreme oil price fluctuations; d) 2011 Fukushima nuclear meltdown. It is argued that governments operate within two distinct decision time horizons to maintain energy security. The concept of “Term Structure Approach to Energy Security” is introduced, which refers to government’s capacity to respond to exogenous shocks within different time horizons. In the short term, governments cannot respond to vulnerabilities with optimum efficacy, so they seek palliative solutions. In the long term, governments develop a greater capacity to the area of energy security, to minimize vulnerabilities. Thus, governments implement different strategies associated with different term structures in responding to exogenous shocks to their energy security. Geopolitics and external adjustment (EGA) observed tend to be of long term, and set the structure within which markets operate. Therefore, system level influences are more observable in maintaining energy security.
Open Access
THE LAYERS OF AN ONION Food and nation in Turkey
(Routledge, 2022-08-10) Day, John William; Jongerden, J
Food is a bundled social fact, banal and eminently practical, but also shot through with broader questions of markets, nation making, the power of place, inclusion and exclusion, and the politics of affect. This chapter explores the political meanings and practices surrounding food in Turkey. Food is shown to be deeply entangled with the unfinished project of nation-building in Turkey, and with attendant questions related to the politics of localism and topophilia, of the limits of belonging and nation-building as damage, and the anxieties of daily life in times of neoliberal precarity. The overall aim is to offer a way of thinking about food as a rich practical site where the sensual and semiotic overlap with tensions of inequality, injustice, biopolitics, and power, and to raise some questions about future work on the political lives of food in Turkey.
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Liberal paradox: Self-interest & respect for political principles
(1984) Kalleberg, Arthur L.
Open Access
Saudi influence on islamic institutions in Turkey beginning in the 1970s
(Middle East Institute, 2012-12-01) Koni, H.
This article investigates the influence of Saudi Arabia on aspects of Islamic social, political, and economic life in Turkey. Since the 1970s, long before the rise of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) of today, Turkish-Saudi Arabian relations have been characterized by an increasing degree of cooperation, solidarity, and partnership centered on certain economic, diplomatic, social, and cultural activities with a good deal of Islamic content. Turkey's orientation toward the Middle East in general and Saudi Arabia in particular traces to the global oil crisis that started in 1973 and its severe effects on the Turkish economy; it also stems from some of Turkey's foreign policy goals with regard to the Cyprus issue and its relations with regional and global actors. Examples of Saudi influence have included the involvement of Saudi-based non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and multinational corporations (MNCs) in Turkey, Turkey's membership in the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC), and Turkish labor migration to Saudi Arabia, with a spillover effect in a wide range of other arenas. This particular aspect of Turkish-Saudi Arabian relations is analyzed using the theory of complex interdependence, which underscores the importance of economic, social, and cultural issues in international relations in addition to that of traditional political, diplomatic, and military goals. © Middle East Institute.
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The theory of games and the balance of power
(1986) Wagner, Harrison R.
Open Access
Transnational terrorism under structural realism
(2003) Sarı, Burcu
This thesis aims to analyze the concept of terrorism under the impact of international structure. For that purpose, first, the concept of terrorism is compared with other types of violence and its common characteristics were defined. Second, terrorism is classified and historical examples were given accordingly. Third, terrorist organizations were assessed as smart mechanisms that are able to learn and adapt into the conditions in which they subsist. Last, it is highlighted that in the development of terrorist organizations, besides their internal dynamics, states’ tendency to cheat plays a crucial role. Terrorist organizations make use of the feeling of uncertainty and grow stronger out of the states’ rivalry. In the end, they emerge as secondary actors. As units interacting in the international system, the behaviors of terrorist organizations are also shaped and shoved by the structure. They both affect and become subject to the impact of structure. The impacts of the new actor on the international system were evaluated according to the basic principles of Structural Realism. As a result, it is concluded that since structural factors plays a crucial role in the emergence of terrorism, as long as the structure endures, terrorism will also persist. Therefore, states should find ways to coexist with terrorism with the possible least hazard.
Open Access
Turkey and the European Union : other complementary options?
(2001-09) Weidemann, Vera
Is Turkey’s perception of membership in the European Union (EU) as an ‘ultimate goal’ justified? Are there complementary options supporting Turkey’s membership in the Union? These questions are the focus of the present thesis. In order to find an answer to these questions, the present thesis displays the shift in EU policies toward Turkey from 1997 to 1999 and its reasons. Furthermore it proceeds to display the criteria Turkey has to fulfill before accession negotiations can be opened. In particular, the work examines to what extent Turkey already meets the political Copenhagen criteria and, therefore, what kind of a reform process needs to be launched in order to fulfill the requirements not yet met. While investigating complementary possibilities for cooperation, first Turkey’s chances for cooperation with its Middle Eastern neighbors, as well as with Israel and the Turkic Republics are taken up. The thesis will also examine, whether Turkey’s membership in the organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation could be supportive of its prospective accession to the EU The work concludes that although the way to accession to the EU will be rocky for Turkey, its actual membership is desirable. Turkey has to strive for membership in the EU if it wants to strengthen its position within the international system of states on the one hand and consolidate its democracy and economy on the other. Turkey’s membership in the organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation could be complementary in many respects to its prospective membership in the EU.
Open Access
Why did India not sign the nuclear nonproliferation treaty? An analysis from realist and critical constructivist perspectives
(2006) Akan, Didem
This thesis analyzes the reasons why did India not become a party to the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty. Realism and critical constructivism are chosen as the two theories to examine the constant factors leading to the Indian decision. First, Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) is analyzed. Second, premises of offensive and defensive and neoclassical realism and their explanations of the Indian decision are highlighted and compared. Third, critical constructivist examination of the Indian decision is conducted mostly based on Jutta Weldes’ arguments. Last, the explanations of three variants of realism and critical constructivism on India’s decision are compared. It is concluded that realist variants explain the continuity of Indian decision as not joining the NPT mostly because of material elements, however, critical constructivists also show social, cultural and historical constructions behind the scene as important factors and try to point out to the internal dynamics that play a role in the representational practices.