Browsing by Subject "Intelligence"

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7

Open Access
Associations of psychotic symptom dimensions with clinical and developmental variables in twin and general clinical samples
(Cambridge University Press, 2024-10-30) Cardno, Alastair G.; Allardyce, Judith; Bakker, Steven C.; Toulopoulou, Timothea; Kravariti, Eugenia; Picchioni, Marco M.; Kane, Fergus; Rijsdijk, Fruhling V.; Mahmood, Tariq; Nasser el Din, Soumaya; du Toit, Deline; Jones, Lisa A.; Quattrone, Diego; Walters, James T. R.; Legge, Sophie E.; Holmans, Peter A.; Murray, Robin M.; Vassos, Evangelos
###### **Background:** Positive, negative and disorganised psychotic symptom dimensions are associated with clinical and developmental variables, but differing definitions complicate interpretation. Additionally, some variables have had little investigation. **Aims:** To investigate associations of psychotic symptom dimensions with clinical and developmental variables, and familial aggregation of symptom dimensions, in multiple samples employing the same definitions. **Method:** We investigated associations between lifetime symptom dimensions and clinical and developmental variables in two twin and two general psychosis samples. Dimension symptom scores and most other variables were from the Operational Criteria Checklist. We used logistic regression in generalised linear mixed models for combined sample analysis (n = 875 probands). We also investigated correlations of dimensions within monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs concordant for psychosis (n = 96 pairs). **Results:** Higher symptom scores on all three dimensions were associated with poor premorbid social adjustment, never marrying/cohabiting and earlier age at onset, and with a chronic course, most strongly for the negative dimension. The positive dimension was also associated with Black and minority ethnicity and lifetime cannabis use; the negative dimension with male gender; and the disorganised dimension with gradual onset, lower premorbid IQ and substantial within twin-pair correlation. In secondary analysis, disorganised symptoms in MZ twin probands were associated with lower premorbid IQ in their co-twins. **Conclusions:** These results confirm associations that dimensions share in common and strengthen the evidence for distinct associations of co-occurring positive symptoms with ethnic minority status, negative symptoms with male gender and disorganised symptoms with substantial familial influences, which may overlap with influences on premorbid IQ.
Open Access
From finances to transnational mobility: searching for the global Jihadists' achilles heel
(Routledge, 2006) Aydinli, E.
This article seeks to uncover a primary source of vulnerability in the global Jihadist terrorist network. It offers a critical examination of the traditional money lead for countering global Jihadist terrorism, and concludes that in this case, it is not the most effective method. Rather, the concept of transnational mobility, both as it relates to socialization into and professionalization within the Jihadist network, is identified as the lifeblood of the network, and thus an arguably more appropriate focus for countering strategies. Issues surrounding travel document security are analysed within an overarching dichotomous framework of offensive/defensive counter-terrorism strategies, emphasizing the need for active penetration by intelligence forces into the terrorist networks and relevant mobility-related realms.
Open Access
Intelligence, educational attainment, and brain structure in those at familial high‐risk for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder
(Wiley, 2020) de Zwarte, S. M. C.; Brouwer, R.; Agartz, I.; Alda, M.; Alonso-Lana, S.; Bearden, C.; Bertolino, A.; Bonvino, A.; Bramon, E.; Buimer, E.; Cahn, W.; Canales-Rodríguez, E.; Cannon, D. M.; Cannon, T. D.; Caseras, X.; Castro-Fornieles, J.; Chen, Q.; Chung, Y.; De la Serna, E.; del Mar Bonnin, C.; Demro, C.; Di Giorgio, A.; Doucet, G.; Eker, M.; Erk, S.; Fatjó-Vilas, M.; Fears, S.; Foley, S.; Frangou, S.; Fullerton, J.; Glahn, D.; Goghari, V.; Goikolea, J.; Goldman, A.; Gonul, A.; Gruber, O.; Hajek, T.; Hawkins, E.; Heinz, A.; Ongun, C.; Hillegers, M.; Houenou, J.; Pol, H.; Hultman, C.; Ingvar, M.; Johansson, V.; Jönsson, E.; Kane, F.; Kempton, M.; Koenis, M.; Kopecek, M.; Krämer, B.; Lawrie, S.; Lenroot, R.; Marcelis, M.; Mattay, V.; McDonald, C.; Meyer-Lindenberg, A.; Michielse, S.; Mitchell, P.; Moreno, D.; Murray, R.; Mwangi, B.; Nabulsi, L.; Newport, J.; Olman, C.; van Os, J.; Overs, B.; Ozerdem, A.; Pergola, G.; Picchioni, M.; Piguet, C.; Pomarol-Clotet, E.; Radua, J.; Ramsay, I.; Richter, A.; Roberts, G.; Salvador, R.; Saricicek-Aydogan, A.; Sarró, S.; Schofield, P.; Simsek, E.; Simsek, F.; Soares, J.; Sponheim, S.; Sugranyes, G.; Toulopoulou, Timothea; Tronchin, G.; Vieta, E.; Walter, H.; Weinberger, D.; Whalley, H.; Wu, M. -J.; Yalin, N.; Andreassen, O.; Ching, C.; Thomopoulos, S.; van Erp, T.; Jahanshad, N.; Thompson, P.; Kahn, R.; van Haren, N.
First‐degree relatives of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (SZ‐FDRs) show similar patterns of brain abnormalities and cognitive alterations to patients, albeit with smaller effect sizes. First‐degree relatives of patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD‐FDRs) show divergent patterns; on average, intracranial volume is larger compared to controls, and findings on cognitive alterations in BD‐FDRs are inconsistent. Here, we performed a meta‐analysis of global and regional brain measures (cortical and subcortical), current IQ, and educational attainment in 5,795 individuals (1,103 SZ‐FDRs, 867 BD‐FDRs, 2,190 controls, 942 schizophrenia patients, 693 bipolar patients) from 36 schizophrenia and/or bipolar disorder family cohorts, with standardized methods. Compared to controls, SZ‐FDRs showed a pattern of widespread thinner cortex, while BD‐FDRs had widespread larger cortical surface area. IQ was lower in SZ‐FDRs (d = −0.42, p = 3 × 10−5), with weak evidence of IQ reductions among BD‐FDRs (d = −0.23, p = .045). Both relative groups had similar educational attainment compared to controls. When adjusting for IQ or educational attainment, the group‐effects on brain measures changed, albeit modestly. Changes were in the expected direction, with less pronounced brain abnormalities in SZ‐FDRs and more pronounced effects in BD‐FDRs. To conclude, SZ‐FDRs and BD‐FDRs show a differential pattern of structural brain abnormalities. In contrast, both had lower IQ scores and similar school achievements compared to controls. Given that brain differences between SZ‐FDRs and BD‐FDRs remain after adjusting for IQ or educational attainment, we suggest that differential brain developmental processes underlying predisposition for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder are likely independent of general cognitive impairment.
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Mit’in 3. Adamı: Sabahattin Savaşman
(Bilkent University, 2021) Alpan, Doğukaan; Ertan, Volga; Tanju, Buğra; Tezcan, Yavuz Levent; Turnalı, Cem; Tutal, Baran
1977 yılında, bugün Türk siyasi tarihinin tozlu sayfalarında kalmış bir olay olan Milli İstihbarat Teşkilatı, İstihbarat Başkanlığı Yardımcısı, kendi deyimiyle “MİT’in 3. Adamı” Sabahattin Savaşman’ın casusluktan tutuklanması hadisesi cereyan etmiştir. 1960 Darbesinin etkilerinin hala görülmekte olduğu, 1970’lerin çalkantılı sosyo-politik ikliminde gerçekleşen bu olay, MİT’in yeni yapısıyla henüz 12 yıllık, genç bir kurum olduğu ve ülkedeki olayların arka planında ABD’nin görüldüğü, döneminde büyük yankı uyandırmış ve ABD paranoyasını artırmıştır. Günümüze gelirken ise önemini kaybetmiş, istihbarat üzerine çalışan akademisyenler ve bazı komplo teorisyenleri dışında unutulmuştur. Oysaki Türkiye’nin istihbarat teşkilatı, MİT’in hiyerarşik olarak üçüncü konumunda bulunan bir ismin, yabancı istihbarat örgütlerine gizli belge verirken hele hele suçüstü yakalanması ve mahkûm edilmesi, bugün bile hatırlanması gereken bir olaydır. Bu kapsamda, makalede Türkiye’nin içinde bulunduğu durum, Savaşman’ın MİT içerisinde bulunduğu konum, yakalanışı ve yargı süreci, Savaşman ve yakalanışında görev alan MİT yetkilerinin hatıratları ve olayın basına yansımaları derlenmiştir.
Open Access
The Ottoman Special organization - Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa : an inquiry into its operational and administrative characteristics
(2012-09) Safi, Polat
The usage or misuse of the terms, “intelligence” and “band”, has culminated in the production of a number of irreconcilable Special Organization (hereafter SO) definitions in literature, thereby leading to complications in the limitation of the scope of the subject matter. This thesis argues that the most effective way to understand and grasp the SO is closely related to the conceptualization of the term, “Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa”. In this way, a simple definitional model of the SO is produced, thus eliminating some ambiguities about the subject from the outset. This definition emphasizing the nature of the SO is also expected to act as an epistemic guide for the clarification of the operational and administrative characteristics of the SO.
Open Access
Turing test: 50 years later
(Springer, 2000) Saygin, A. P.; Cicekli, I.; Akman, V.
The Turing Test is one of the most disputed topics in artificial intelligence, philosophy of mind, and cognitive science. This paper is a review of the past 50 years of the Turing Test. Philosophical debates, practical developments and repercussions in related disciplines are all covered. We discuss Turing's ideas in detail and present the important comments that have been made on them. Within this context, behaviorism, consciousness, the 'other minds' problem, and similar topics in philosophy of mind are discussed. We also cover the sociological and psychological aspects of the Turing Test. Finally, we look at the current situation and analyze programs that have been developed with the aim of passing the Turing Test.We conclude that the Turing Test has been, and will continue to be, an influential and controversial topic. © 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Open Access
Turing test: 50 years later
(Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003) Saygı, A. P.; Çiçekli, İlyas; Akman, Varol; Moor, J. H.
The Turing Test is one of the most disputed topics in artificial intelligence, philosophy of mind, and cognitive science. This paper is a review of the past 50 years of the Turing Test. Philosophical debates, practical developments and repercussions in related disciplines are all covered. We discuss Turing’s ideas in detail and present the important comments that have been made on them. Within this context, behaviorism, consciousness, the ‘other minds’ problem, and similar topics in philosophy of mind are discussed. We also cover the sociological and psychological aspects of the Turing Test. Finally, we look at the current situation and analyze programs that have been developed with the aim of passing the Turing Test. We conclude that the Turing Test has been, and will continue to be, an influential and controversial topic.