Browsing by Subject "Index of refraction"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3

Open Access
Asymmetric transmission in prisms using structures and materials with isotropic-type dispersion
(Optical Society of America, 2015) Gundogdu, F. T.; Serebryannikov, A. E.; Cakmak, A. O.; Özbay, Ekmel
It is demonstrated that strong asymmetry in transmission can be obtained at the Gaussian beam illumination for a single prism based on a photonic crystal (PhC) with isotropic-type dispersion, as well as for its analog made of a homogeneous material. Asymmetric transmission can be realized with the aid of refraction at a proper orientation of the interfaces and wedges of the prism, whereas neither contribution of higher diffraction orders nor anisotropic-type dispersion is required. Furthermore, incidence toward a prism wedge can be used for one of two opposite directions in order to obtain asymmetry. Thus, asymmetric transmission is a general property of the prism configurations, which can be obtained by using simple geometries and quite conventional materials. The obtained results show that strong asymmetry can be achieved in PhC prisms with (nearly) circular shape of equifrequency dispersion contours, in both cases associated with the index of refraction 0 < n < 1 and n > 1. For the comparison purposes, results are also presented for solid uniform nonmagnetic prisms made of a material with the same value of n. It is shown in zero-loss approximation that the PhC prism and the ultralow-index material prism ( 0 < n < 1) can replace each other in some cases without affecting the scenario of asymmetric transmission. Moreover, the PhC prism and the solid dielectric prism can show the same scenario at n > 1. Possible contributions of scattering on the individual rods and diffraction on the wedge to the resulting mechanism are discussed. Analogs of unidirectional splitting and unidirectional deflection regimes, which are known from the studies of PhC gratings, are obtained in PhC prisms and solid uniform prisms, i.e. without higher diffraction orders. ©2015 Optical Society of America.
Open Access
Carrier-induced refractive index change in InN
(Wiley, 2008) Bulutay, Ceyhun; Zakhleniuk, N. A.
Rapid development of InN technology demands comprehensive assessment of the electronic and optoelectronic potential of this material. In this theoretical work the effect of free electrons on the optical properties of the wurtzite phase of InN is investigated. The blue shift of the optical absorption edge by the free-carrier band filling is known as the Burstein-Moss effect for which InN offers to be a very suitable candidate as has been recently demonstrated experimentally. Due to well known Kramers-Kronig relations, a change in absorption is accompanied by a change in the index of refraction. Considering n-type InN samples with free electron concentrations ranging from 5x10 17 to 5x1020 cm-3, and employing a nonlocal empirical pseudopotential band structure, it is shown that this leads to a few percent change of the index of refraction. These carrier-induced refractive index changes can be utilized in optical switches, futhermore it needs to be taken into account in the design of InN-based optical devices such as lasers and optical modulators.
Open Access
Unidirectional transmission in non-symmetric gratings containing metallic layers
(Optical Society of American (OSA), 2009) Serebryannikov, A.E.; Özbay, Ekmel
The mechanism of achieving unidirectional transmission in the gratings, which only contain isotropic dielectric and metallic layers, is suggested and numerically validated. It is shown that significant transmission in one direction and nearly zero transmission in the opposite direction can be obtained in the same intrinsically isotropic gratings as those studied recently in A. E. Serebryannikov and E. Ozbay, Opt. Express 17, 278 (2009), but at a non-zero angle of incidence. The tilting, non-symmetric features of the grating and the presence of a metallic layer with a small positive real part of the index of refraction are the conditions that are necessary for obtaining the unidirectionality. Single- and multibeam operational regimes are demonstrated. The frequency and angle ranges of the unidirectional transmission can be estimated by using the conventional framework based on isofrequency dispersion contours and construction lines that properly take into account the periodic features of the interfaces, but should then be corrected because of the tunneling arising within the adjacent ranges. After proper optimization, this mechanism is expected to become an alternative to that based on the use of anisotropic materials. © 2009 Optical Society of America.