Browsing by Subject "Hybridity"
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Item Open Access Büyülü gerçekçilik ve halk anlatıları(Geleneksel Yayıncılık, 2011) Erdem, ServetBu çalışma iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde amacım büyülü gerçekçi metinlerin en ayırt edici özelliklerini tartışmaktır. İkinci bölümde ise söz konusu metinlerde halk anlatılarından yararlanmanın, onları modellemenin arkasında yatan nedenleri, güdüleri, yolları ve tüm bunların büyülü gerçekçi metinlere özgü oluşunu ortaya koymaya çalışacağım. Olağanüstünün sıradanmış gibi sunulması ve halk anlatılarından yararlanma büyülü gerçekçi metinlerin en yaygın özelliğidir. Ne var ki bu özellikler söz konusu metinleri “fantastik” gibi benzer türdeki yapıtlardan ayırt etmek için yeterli değildir. Bu makale, gerçek ve olağanüstünün bir denge içinde sunulmasını büyülü gerçekçi metinlerin ilk ayırt edici niteliği olarak öne sürmektedir. Bir diğer niteliği bulmak için şu soruya yanıt bulmak gerekir: Büyülü gerçekçilik denilen edebiyat fenomeninin örneklerini üreten yazarlar; hangi nedenler ve amaçlarla halk anlatılarından ve onların kimi özelliklerinden yararlanıyor? Çalışmanın esas tezi şudur: Halk anlatılarından yararlanma ya da onları modelleme büyülü gerçekçi metinlere özgü değilse de bu yararlanmanın ve modellemenin nedenleri, amaçları, yolları büyülü gerçekçilik denilen edebiyat fenomenine özgüdür.Item Open Access Hybrid political orders: the case of Bosnia and Herzegovina(2021-06) Çobanoğlu, EcenazThe Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, once viewed as a successful example of peaceful, multi-ethnic state, turned into a site of devastating wars in the early-1990s. Among these wars that resulted in the country’s painful disintegration, the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina ended mainly with international mediation. The Dayton Peace Agreement signed in 1995 ended armed clashes. The Dayton Agreement, at the same time, provided the blueprint for establishing new sets of political and administrative structures as the basis of building the social conditions of durable peace. Preserving and enhancing the multi-ethnic, multi-religious and multi-cultural conditions in Bosnia and Herzegovina constituted a significant aspect of the construction of the new structures envisioned in the Dayton Agreement. The emerging political order in Bosnia and Herzegovina, according to some peacebuilding scholars, represents a hybrid structure where internationally introduced liberal democratic institutions, norms and practices are combined with existing traditional structures. In this thesis, I examine the roots of this hybrid political order in post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina from the perspective of the “local turn in peacebuilding” scholarship that is premised on the ‘hybridity’ approach. I investigate the current conditions in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and hybridity patterns in the current political and societal order. Then, I investigate the periods in Bosnia and Herzegovina under the rule of the Ottoman Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. I study the similarities of both historical periods with the current conditions. Thus, in this thesis, I tried to investigate the continuities in different historical periods of time and found that hybrid patterns in current conditions have their roots in the past, namely in the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian periods.Item Open Access ‘Hybridity by Design’: between liberal norms and illiberal peace in Turkey(Brill - Nijhoff, 2022-11-09) Dilek, EsraThis article investigates the interplay between liberal norms, hybridity, and illiberal peace by proposing ‘hybridity by design’ as a framework for understanding domestic agency of political actors in ‘homegrown’ peace processes. Hybridity by design refers to strategies used in peace processes that are not guided by external third parties for selectively adopting norms and practices associated with the liberal peace model while maintaining an illiberal peacemaking approach. The study focuses on the case of Turkey’s recent experience in peacemaking regarding the Kurdish conflict in two periods. First, the 2009–2015 period is analyzed as a ‘homegrown’ peace process during which ‘hybridity by design’ was the primary strategy used by the government to promote peacemaking combining liberal and illiberal norms and practices. In the post-2015 period, the government emphasized the ‘authentic’ aspects of the Kurdish issue, adopting a friend/enemy discourse, delegitimizing opponents, and rejecting negotiations as a means for solving the conflict.Item Open Access The King's European Morocco : a postcolonial approach to Morocco's quest to become a European Community member(2015) İpek, VolkanThis study aims to analyze the membership application of the Kingdom of Morocco to the European Community in 1987 through postcolonial nationalism, which refers to the fact that the impacts of colonizer states continue on the national identity of the colonized states after colonialism. It analyzes the membership application of the Kingdom of Morocco to the European Community in terms of how Morocco felt European so that it claimed its Europeanness according to the article 237 of the Treaty of Rome that required the aplicant states to be European, as the main article of the Treaty that founded the European Community. Taking the Bhabhaian approach to hybridity as one of the main tenets of postcolonial nationalism, this dissertation argues that the Kingdom of Morocco’s relations with the European Community in 1987 should go beyond why it applied to be one of its members that was already explained by different economic and political reasons. Instead, it offers a cultural aspect defined by postcoloniality that analyzes how Kingdom of Morocco asserted its Europeanness, and how it explained to the European Commission that it was a European state according to the Treaty of Rome. Framing Morocco’s colonial status between 1912 and 1956, this dissertation examines how Morocco that constructed its national identity both during and after colonialism against Europe (against France) due to European colonialism (the French Protectorate) added Europeanness into this national identity in its postolonial period, by claiming that Moroccan nation and state together are European, with King Hassan II’s membership application to the European Community. Accordingly, this dissertation argues that Morocco’s 1987 membership application to the European Community is the instrumentalization of hybridity that was created by the French among Moroccan locals between 1912 and 1956 by King Hassan II, in the postcolonial Moroccan national identity to claim that Morocco was European according to the article 237 of the Treaty of Rome.Item Open Access Reconsidering hybridity : the selective use of international norms in Turkey’s resolution/peace process(2019-01) Dilek, EsraThis study examines the diffusion of international peacebuilding norms in the case of Turkey’s resolution/peace process for solving the Kurdish issue (2009-2015) as a case of peace process in the absence of top-down design through a third party. The study builds on the limitations of current research on hybridity that focuses on the interaction of international and local norms and practices in peace processes designed and implemented by international actors such as the United Nations and donor organizations. The study calls for broadening and deepening the hybridity debate by investigating the dynamics of local agency in a case where the top-down design of the peace process is absent. Drawing on 34 in-depth open-ended interviews with high and middle level actors in the peace process in Turkey and data collected through the media statements of primary actors, this study argues that in the absence of top-down design of the peace process, the dynamics of hybridization are different, as, actors have greater freedom for promoting their own perspectives on peace process design. This study finds that in the Turkish case we discern ‘hybridity by design’, defined as the strategies used by local actors to support and promote peace process perspectives by selectively adopting and/or rejecting international norms, ideas, and practices to legitimize their own position in the absence of top-down design of the peace process. The Turkish case points to further findings on conflict resolution expertise sharing and its impact on the diffusion of norms and practices in peace processes in the absence of top-down imposition.Item Open Access Strolling through Istanbul's Beyoğlu: in-between difference and containment(SAGE Publications, 2015) Sandıkcı, O.In this essay, I evaluate Istanbul's Beyoʇlu as a hybrid and negotiated space and investigate how the imaginary and lived experiences of space enable as well as constrain transgressive everyday practices and identity politics. Through analyzing memories, imaginations, and experiences of Beyoʇlu, in particular its drag/transsexual subculture, I explore the ways in which the past and present interact under the dynamic of globalization and (re)produce Beyoʇlu as a space of difference and containment. Beyond the intricacies of Istanbul's sex trade, night life, and queer subculture, I propose that the singular district of Beyoʇlu, given its geographical, historical, and social location, operates as a microcosm of the tensions and negotiations between East and West, local and global, past and present. © The Author(s) 2013.