Browsing by Subject "Hybrid systems"

Now showing 1 - 12 of 12

Open Access
Adaptive ensemble learning with confidence bounds for personalized diagnosis
(AAAI Press, 2016) Tekin, Cem; Yoon, J.; Van Der Schaar, M.
With the advances in the field of medical informatics, automated clinical decision support systems are becoming the de facto standard in personalized diagnosis. In order to establish high accuracy and confidence in personalized diagnosis, massive amounts of distributed, heterogeneous, correlated and high-dimensional patient data from different sources such as wearable sensors, mobile applications, Electronic Health Record (EHR) databases etc. need to be processed. This requires learning both locally and globally due to privacy constraints and/or distributed nature of the multimodal medical data. In the last decade, a large number of meta-learning techniques have been proposed in which local learners make online predictions based on their locally-collected data instances, and feed these predictions to an ensemble learner, which fuses them and issues a global prediction. However, most of these works do not provide performance guarantees or, when they do, these guarantees are asymptotic. None of these existing works provide confidence estimates about the issued predictions or rate of learning guarantees for the ensemble learner. In this paper, we provide a systematic ensemble learning method called Hedged Bandits, which comes with both long run (asymptotic) and short run (rate of learning) performance guarantees. Moreover, we show that our proposed method outperforms all existing ensemble learning techniques, even in the presence of concept drift.
Open Access
Amphiphilic peptide coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for in vivo MR tumor imaging
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016) Ozdemir, A.; Ekiz, M. S.; Dilli, A.; Güler, Mustafa O.; Tekinay, A. B.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive imaging technique that provides high spatial resolution and depth with pronounced soft-tissue contrast for in vivo imaging. A broad variety of strategies have been employed to enhance the diagnostic value of MRI and detect tissue abnormalities at an earlier stage. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are considered to be suitable candidates for effective imaging due to their small size, versatile functionality and better biocompatibility. Here, we demonstrate that coating SPIONs with proline-rich amphiphilic peptide molecules through noncovalent interactions leads to a water-dispersed hybrid system suitable as an MRI contrast agent. Cellular viability and uptake of amphiphilic peptide coated SPIONs (SPION/K-PA) were evaluated with human vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) and estrogen receptor (ER) positive human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells. The efficiency of SPION/K-PA as MRI contrast agents was analyzed in Sprague-Dawley rats with mammary gland tumors. MR imaging showed that SPION/K-PA effectively accumulated in tumor tissues, enhancing their imaging potential. Although nanoparticles were observed in reticuloendothelial system organs (RES) and especially in the liver and kidney immediately after administration, the MR signal intensity in these organs diminished after 1 h and nanoparticles were subsequently cleared from these organs within two weeks. Histological observations also validated the accumulation of nanoparticles in tumor tissue at 4 h and their bioelimination from the organs of both healthy and tumor-bearing rats after two weeks.
Open Access
Fabrication and characterization of SmCo5/Nb ferromagnetic/superconducting hybrid thin films grown by RF magnetron sputtering technique
(Elsevier, 2017) Ongun, E.; Kuru, M.; Serhatlıoğlu, M.; Hançer, M.; Ozmetin, A. E.
Ferromagnet/Superconductor (F/S) bilayer hybrids show exclusive states due to the mutual interaction between the superconductor and the underlying ferromagnetic substructures in micron scale. In this work, we aimed to observe the effects of the interaction between superconductivity and magnetism, especially the phenomenon involving the orientation and the size of magnetic stripes has been investigated in a coupled ferromagnetic/superconducting thin-film structure. In the proposed F/S hybrid system by this work, superconducting niobium thin-films were combined with underlying segments of ferromagnetic SmCo5 substructures. 300 nm thick magnetic films fabricated by RF magnetron sputtering techniques were topographically grown in patterns with stripes oriented either transverse to or along the direction of current flow. The elemental and microstructural analyses were conducted by EDX, SEM and GIXRD characterization tools. Low-temperature DC transport measurements were conducted by means of four point probe method in a 9T closed-cycle cryogenic refrigeration system. Transport superconducting properties, transition temperature TC(H) and second critical field HC2(T) were measured in a range of applied magnetic field between H = 0–9 kOe for the hybrid system. The results revealed that the artificial periodic modulation of applied field through preferentially-oriented magnetic stripes could introduce normal and superconducting channels or barriers for the current flow.
Open Access
Optimal control of a two-stage stochastic hybrid manufacturing system with Poisson arrivals and exponential service times
(IEEE, 2005) Gökbayrak, Kağan; Selvi, Ömer
Extending earli'er work on single-stage stochastic hybrid system models, we consider a two-stage stochastic hybrid system where the job arrivals are represented through a Poisson process, and the service times required to attain a desired physical state are exponentially distributed dependent on the controllable process rates. For the case where the costs associated with the process rates and the inventory levels are non-decreasing convex, and the process rates take values from finite sets, we show that there exist threshold policies on both inventory levels for selecting the optimal process rates at each station.
Open Access
Optimal control of single-stage hybrid systems with poisson arrivals and deterministic service times
(IEEE, 2005) Gökbayrak, Kağan; Mısırcı, Muzaffer
We tackle an optimal control problem for a single-stage hybrid system with Poisson arrivals and deterministic service times. In our setting, not only that the optimization problem is non-convex and non-differentiable, but also future arrival times are unknown at the times of decision. We propose a state-dependent service times policy where the state is defined as the system size. These service times are determined iteratively by a steepest descent algorithm whose derivative information is supplied by an infinitesimal perturbation analysis derivative estimator. We also propose an improved receding horizon controller with zero-length time window that utilizes the interarrival time distribution information available from the observed arrivals. Performances of these methods are compared to the optimal performance obtained from the Forward Decompositon Algorithm for which all future arrival times are known. It is also shown that the utilization of the observed interarrival time distribution information improves the performance of the receding horizon controller with zero-length time window.
Open Access
Optimal hybrid control of a two-stage manufacturing system
(IEEE, 2006) Gökbayrak, Kağan; Selvi, Ömer
We consider a two-stage serial hybrid system for which the arrival times are known and the service times are controllable. We derive some optimal sample path characteristics, in particular, we show that no buffering is observed between stages. The original non-smooth optimal control problem is first transformed into a convex optimization problem which is then simplified by the no buffer property. Further simplifications are possible for the bulk arrival case.
Open Access
Parametric identification of Hybrid Linear-Time-Periodic Systems
(Elsevier B.V., 2016) Uyanık, İ.; Saranlı U.; Morgϋl, Ö.; Ankaralı, M. M.
In this paper, we present a state-space system identification technique for a class of hybrid LTP systems, formulated in the frequency domain based on input-output data. Other than a few notable exceptions, the majority of studies in the state-space system identification literature (e.g. subspace methods) focus only on LTI systems. Our goal in this study is to develop a technique for estimating time-periodic system and input matrices for a hybrid LTP system, assuming that full state measurements are available. To this end, we formulate our problem in a linear regression framework using Fourier transformations, and estimate Fourier series coefficients of the time-periodic system and input matrices using a least-squares solution. We illustrate the estimation accuracy of our method for LTP system dynamics using a hybrid damped Mathieu function as an example. © 2016
Open Access
Phonon-assisted nonradiative energy transfer from colloidal quantum dots to monocrystalline bulk silicon
(IEEE, 2012) Yeltik, Aydan; Güzeltürk, Burak; Hernandez-Martinez, Pedro L.; Demir, Volkan Demir
Silicon is one of the most dominant materials in photovoltaics. To increase optical absorption of silicon solar cells, colloidal quantum dots (QDs) have been proposed as a good sensitizer candidate owing to their favorably high absorption cross-section and tunable emission and absorption properties. To this end, QD sensitization of silicon has previously been studied by mostly facilitating radiative energy transfer (RET) [1,2]. Although RET based sensitization has achieved a considerable increase in conversion efficiencies in silicon photovoltaics, RET is fundamentally limited due to the effective coupling problem of emitted photons to silicon. Alternatively, nonradiative energy transfer (NRET), which relies on near field dipole-dipole coupling [3], has been shown to be feasible in sensitizer-silicon hybrid systems [4-8]. Although colloidal QDs as a sensitizer have been used to facilitate NRET into silicon, the detailed mechanisms of NRET to an indirect bandgap nonluminecent material, together with the role of phonon assistance and temperature activation, have not been fully understood to date. In this study, we propose a QD-silicon nanostructure hybrid platform to study the NRET dynamics as a function of temperature for distinct separation thicknesses between the donor QDs and the acceptor silicon plane. Here, we show NRET from colloidal QDs to bulk Si using phonon assisted absorption, developing its physical model to explain temperature-dependent lifetime dynamics of NRET in these QD-Si hybrids. © 2012 IEEE.
Open Access
Plasmon-Exciton Resonant Energy Transfer: Across Scales Hybrid Systems
(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2016) El Kabbash, M.; Rashed, A. R.; Sreekanth, K. V.; De Luca, A.; Infusino, M.; Strangi, G.
The presence of an excitonic element in close proximity of a plasmonic nanostructure, under certain conditions, may lead to a nonradiative resonant energy transfer known as Exciton Plasmon Resonant Energy Transfer (EPRET) process. The exciton-plasmon coupling and dynamics have been intensely studied in the last decade; still many relevant aspects need more in-depth studies. Understanding such phenomenon is not only important from fundamental viewpoint, but also essential to unlock many promising applications. In this review we investigate the plasmon-exciton resonant energy transfer in different hybrid systems at the nano- and mesoscales, in order to gain further understanding of such processes across scales and pave the way towards active plasmonic devices.
Open Access
Polymeric nanofibers decorated with reduced graphene oxide nanoflakes
(Elsevier, 2017) Ranjith, K. S.; Uyar, Tamer
Research into graphene-polymeric based membranes by tuning its structural and functional properties will facilitate new opportunities on these hierarchical platforms. The objective is to play a role on the external skin of the polymeric nanofibers to enhance it structural and functional properties by introducing thin layered graphene oxide flakes to improve the absorption behavior, and to modulate the mechanical and electronic properties and more. By modifying the polymers and including some metal nanostructures within the graphene functionality may lead to the development of complex hybrid system for advanced applicability in fields such as catalyst, electronics, sensing, storage based devices, etc. Constructing the graphenebased systems with polymeric membranes having unique architecture and functionality will provide innovation in materials science in related fields. The hierarchical arrangement of reduced graphene oxide-polymeric membrane can play a key role in multifunctional application in the fields of electronics, catalysts, and sensors.
Open Access
State-dependent control of a single stage hybrid system with poisson arrivals
(2011) Gokbayrak, K.
We consider a single-stage hybrid manufacturing system where jobs arrive according to a Poisson process. These jobs undergo a deterministic process which is controllable. We define a stochastic hybrid optimal control problem and decompose it hierarchically to a lower-level and a higher-level problem. The lower-level problem is a deterministic optimal control problem solved by means of calculus of variations. We concentrate on the stochastic discrete-event control problem at the higher level, where the objective is to determine the service times of jobs. Employing a cost structure composed of process costs that are decreasing and strictly convex in service times, and system-time costs that are linear in system times, we show that receding horizon controllers are state-dependent controllers, where state is defined as the system size. In order to improve upon receding horizon controllers, we search for better state-dependent control policies and present two methods to obtain them. These stochastic-approximation-type methods utilize gradient estimators based on Infinitesimal Perturbation Analysis or Imbedded Markov Chain techniques. A numerical example demonstrates the performance improvements due to the proposed methods. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
Open Access
Strong coupling between localized and propagating plasmon polaritons
(OSA - The Optical Society, 2015) Balci, S.; Karademir, E.; Kocabas, C.
We investigate plasmon-plasmon (PP) coupling in the strongly interacting regimes by using a tunable plasmonic platform consisting of triangular Ag nanoprisms placed nanometers away from Ag thin films. The nanoprisms are colloidally synthesized using a seed-mediated growth method and having size-tunable localized surface plasmon polariton (SPP) resonances immobilized on Si3N4 films. The PP coupling between the localized SPPs of metal nanoprisms and the propagating SPPs of the metal film is controlled by the nanoprism concentration and the plasmon damping in the metal film. Results reveal that Rabi splitting energy determining the strength of the coupling can reach up to several hundreds meV, thus demonstrating the ultrastrong coupling occurring between localized and propagating SPPs. The metal nanoparticle-metal thin film hybrid system over the square-centimeter areas presented here provides a unique configuration to study PP coupling all the way from the weak to ultrastrong coupling regimes in a broad range of wavelengths.