Browsing by Subject "Human experiment"

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6

Open Access
Determinants of choosing withdrawal over modern contraceptive methods in Turkey
(Taylor & Francis, 2008) Cindoglu, D.; Sirkeci, I.; Sirkeci, R. F.
Objectives The determinants of the use of withdrawal in Turkey are examined using a multinomial logistic model. Methods Data were drawn from a nation-wide population-based cross-sectional study, the Turkish Demographic Health Surveys that took place in 1998 and 2003. Detailed interviews were conducted with 8576 women aged 15-49 and analysed using SPSS. Results Contextual, cultural and demographic characteristics define women's choice of withdrawal over modern methods. Socio-economic status, education, employment status, and past fertility behaviour are among key determinants. First-ever used contraception method has a very strong impact on later choices. Urban women, the more educated, those with better socioeconomic status, and those living in less crowded households resort less to withdrawal. Experience and empowerment positively linked to modern contraceptive use among women in Turkey. Conclusions The use of contraceptive methods in Turkey differs greatly. Empowerment of women in terms of better socioeconomic status, better education, modern and liberal attitudes towards women and family planning seem to reduce withdrawal use as the main method of contraception. The results suggest the need for education (particularly targeting young women and couples), information and provision of modern contraceptive services particularly for disadvantaged groups.
Open Access
Developing empathy towards older adults in design
(Routledge, 2017-02-06) Altay, Burçak
In design disciplines, an affective understanding of users’ everyday lives can increase designer sensitivity and awareness, leading to higher-quality design outcomes. Developing students’ empathic understanding within design education is required to accomplish this goal. This article discusses learning strategies that enhance students’ empathic horizons, and specifically analyzes an assignment conducted in an Interior Architecture and Environmental Design course, “The Grandparent Experience.” Here, exposure through observation and interviewing, and art-based methods are employed to develop students’ empathy towards older adults. We conducted a survey with students who completed the exercise and the course, exploring their perspectives on their learning. The results reveal that students had positive views on the assignment’s effectiveness regarding the learning outcome and learning process. Implications for empathic design education and educational gerontology are discussed.
Open Access
Early postzygotic mutations contribute to de novo variation in a healthy monozygotic twin pair
(B M J Group, 2014) Dal, G. M.; Ergüner, B.; Saǧıroǧlu, M. S.; Yüksel, B.; Onat, O. E.; Alkan C.; Özçelik, T.
Background: Human de novo single-nucleotide variation (SNV) rate is estimated to range between 0.82-1.70×10-8 mutations per base per generation. However, contribution of early postzygotic mutations to the overall human de novo SNV rate is unknown. Methods: We performed deep whole-genome sequencing (more than 30-fold coverage per individual) of the whole-blood-derived DNA samples of a healthy monozygotic twin pair and their parents. We examined the genotypes of each individual simultaneously for each of the SNVs and discovered de novo SNVs regarding the timing of mutagenesis. Putative de novo SNVs were validated using Sanger-based capillary sequencing. Results: We conservatively characterised 23 de novo SNVs shared by the twin pair, 8 de novo SNVs specific to twin I and 1 de novo SNV specific to twin II. Based on the number of de novo SNVs validated by Sanger sequencing and the number of callable bases of each twin, we calculated the overall de novo SNV rate of 1.31×10-8 and 1.01×10-8 for twin I and twin II, respectively. Of these, rates of the early postzygotic de novo SNVs were estimated to be 0.34×10-8 for twin I and 0.04×10-8 for twin II. Conclusions: Early postzygotic mutations constitute a substantial proportion of de novo mutations in humans. Therefore, genome mosaicism resulting from early mitotic events during embryogenesis is common and could substantially contribute to the development of diseases.
Open Access
Effect of high intensity interval training on elite athletes' antioxidant status
(Elsevier Masson, 2013) Ugras, A. F.
Objective: The effects of high intensity interval exercises on antioxidant defense system are not clear. Since there is an evident lack of studies focused on oxidative stress experienced following combat sports and high intensity interval training, we investigated oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde [MDA], catalase [CAT], glutathione peroxidase [GPX], superoxide dismutase [SOD]) by completing high intensity interval training program (HIITP) and following International Muay Thai Championship (IMTC). Methods: The study was carried out on 21 elite players (15 males and six females) who had regular exercising and training habits. The participants were subjected to a daily 3-hour HIITP during brief training camp (10-day) before IMTC. They were instructed to maintain their normal dietary practices throughout the camp and during the study to take no antioxidant containing vitamin tablets. Results: There was a significant increase in MDA levels and significant decrease in CAT activities of players (P<. 0.05). The differences in SOD and GPX activities were not significant. Conclusion: These results suggested that high intensity interval training and competition could affect the oxidative status of Muay Thai (MT) athletes. © 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS.
Open Access
Effect of six weeks aerobic training upon blood trace metals levels
(2006) Savaş, S.; Şenel, Ö.; Çelikkan, H.; Uǧraş, A.; Aksu, M. L.
This study was carried out to investigate the effects of 6-week aerobic exercise program upon blood Zn and Cu levels. There were 12 male university students with an average age of 21.67+/-0.89 years and no regular training habits participated in the study. The participants were subjected three days a week 1 hour a day continuous running program on treadmill with an intensity of 60-70% for a period of six weeks. They were fed with zinc and copper free diet throughout the study and it was made sure that they were not using copper or zinc containing vitamin tablets. The difference between the pre and post study period were found to be statistically significant as regards to both resting and maximal loading conditions (p<0.01). The pre and post training maxVO2 values were also found to be positively correlated with the copper and zinc levels in blood. Both the copper and zinc blood levels were found decreased after the training period p<0.05.
Open Access
The involvement of centralized and distributed processes in sub-second time interval adaptation: an ERP investigation of apparent motion
(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2017) Kaya, Utku; Yildirim, Fazilet Zeynep; Kafaligonul, Hulusi
Accumulating evidence suggests that the timing of brief stationary sounds affects visual motion perception. Recent studies have shown that auditory time interval can alter apparent motion perception not only through concurrent stimulation but also through brief adaptation. The adaptation after-effects for auditory time intervals was found to be similar to those for visual time intervals, suggesting the involvement of a central timing mechanism. To understand the nature of cortical processes underlying such after-effects, we adapted observers to different time intervals using either brief sounds or visual flashes and examined the evoked activity to the subsequently presented visual apparent motion. Both auditory and visual time interval adaptation led to significant changes in the ERPs elicited by the apparent motion. However, the changes induced by each modality were in the opposite direction. Also, they mainly occurred in different time windows and clustered over distinct scalp sites. The effects of auditory time interval adaptation were centred over parietal and parieto-central electrodes while the visual adaptation effects were mostly over occipital and parieto-occipital regions. Moreover, the changes were much more salient when sounds were used during the adaptation phase. Taken together, our findings within the context of visual motion point to auditory dominance in the temporal domain and highlight the distinct nature of the sensory processes involved in auditory and visual time interval adaptation. © 2017 Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and John Wiley & Sons Ltd