Browsing by Subject "Historical acoustics"

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    ItemOpen Access
    Acoustical footprint of the traditional turkish baths in historic settings
    (Taylor and Francis Group, 2023-04-20) Bora Özyurt, Z.; Sü Gül, Zühre
    The Turkish bath structure (hamam) is one of the key typologies in Anatolian architecture. In addition to its main “bathing” function, Turkish baths are chosen as the main venue for social organizations in the Ottoman period, with eating and dancing accompanied by live music. Thus, the construction of baths, in various sizes, was prioritized then and still holds its place in the social and cultural life of Anatolia. This study investigates the authentic acoustical characteristics of Turkish baths, over four selected baths in Bursa, Turkey; Karamustafa (15th c.), Yeni Kaplıca (16th c.), Kaynarca (17th c.), and Tahirağa (19th c.). Room impulse responses are collected through acoustical field measurements. Acoustical simulations are utilized to experiment with the materials, which reflect the historical origins, as well as used to test the effects of different humidity levels on acoustical parameters. The objective parameter analysis includes EDT, T20, T30, C80, D50, and STI assessments. Relationships between objective parameters and geometrical attributes are investigated. Lower T30 and higher STI values are obtained with historical plaster in comparison to the up-to-date conditions. Controlled analysis in decreasing the relative humidity resulted in lower T20 and T30 values, consequently higher STI values. Obtained data are discussed considering the usage of male and female baths, traditional activities as well as the nature of the sound sources.
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    ItemOpen Access
    An archaeoacoustic study on Cappadocia; acoustical identification of religious and secular indoor spaces
    (2021-09) Adeeb, Ali Haider
    The goal of this study is to identify the indoor sound fields of Cappadocian special rock-cut structures and by this to provide the platform of discussion on the aural effects in the original use and context of spaces. Cappadocia’s rock-cut structures have been enlisted as mixed -natural and cultural- World Heritage Sites by UNESCO. The spaces of Cappadocia from the Middle Byzantine Era have been studied from an archaeological perspective; however, this study is the first of its type as it investigates such spaces from an auditory perspective. Similar acoustical studies have been conducted on natural caves (Paleolithic caves) and man-made structures (Neolithic structures, Roman catacombs) from around the world. The methodology of this study is composed of three steps; in-situ field tests of five rock-cut structures (one church and four residential halls) from Middle Byzantine sites of Hallaç, Açıksaray and Avanos, impedance tube tests on rock samples from Göreme and Ürgüp for estimating their sound absorption coefficients, and virtual reconstruction of Çanlı Kilise by ray-tracing simulations. According to tube measurements and room acoustics simulations, the Cappadocian tuff from different parts of the region is found to have different sound absorption properties and thus, various physical properties. Acoustic parameters (EDT, T20, T30, C80, D50, and STI) are obtained for the spaces under study by field tests and room acoustic simulations. Based on acoustic analysis from field measurements and simulations, both the church spaces are suitable for liturgical practices. On the other hand, the residential halls are found to favor speech-related activities more. The acoustics of rock-cut spaces are also compared with natural caves and man-made structures from other parts of the world; when the acoustic parameter results are compared, the Cappadocian tuff is found to be more sound absorptive than the karst in natural caves but less absorptive than the tuff in Roman catacombs.
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    ItemOpen Access
    Characterizing the indoor acoustical climate of the religious and secular rock-cut structures of Cappadocia
    (Taylor & Francis, 2021-12-23) Adeeb, Ali Haider; Sü-Gül, Zühre; Henry, Ayşe Belgin
    Rock-cut structures of Cappadocia, which are enlisted as natural and cultural World Heritage Sites by UNESCO, have particular acoustics due to the specific tuff stone belonging to the region. This study, for the first time, discusses the indoor sound fields of the Cappadocia over five selected spots (one church and four residential halls) from Middle Byzantine sites of Hallaç, Açıksaray and Avanos with an aim of providing evidence regarding the spatial features and culture of the people inhabited these spaces. Acoustical data is collected during in-situ field tests. Acoustic parameters (EDT, T20, T30, C80, CD50, and STI) are obtained for the spaces under study. The rock-cut church is found to be the most reverberant among all the spaces and the most suitable for liturgical practices. The other four spaces are observed as comparatively more favorable for speech-related activities. The study also compares the sound absorption performance of Cappadocian tuff stone to those present in other natural caves and rock-cut structures investigated throughout the world in few prominent studies