Browsing by Subject "Governance"
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Item Open Access Bureaucratization(SAGE Publications, Inc., 2004) Winter, Thomas; Carroll, Bret E.Bureaucracy, or bureaucratization, refers to routinized, deper-sonalized, and dispersed processes devoted to the execution of a variety of administrative tasks, and to the regulation and assessment of these tasks. Within a bureaucratic system of governance, authority is dispersed and disconnected from ownership or physical production. Notions of a “bureaucratic manhood,” or a “bureaucratic team player,” slowly began to appear in U.S. society as bureaucratic systems of governance and administration emerged after 1830. This development enabled men to articulate masculine power and authority out-side the contexts of craft skills (which were slowly displaced by industrialization after 1830) and ownership and entrepreneurial control (which were transformed by corporatization after 1880). In addition, a mode of bureaucratic manhood gained ground after 1880 that linked masculinity to the exerciseItem Open Access Conditional deliberation: the case of joint parliamentary committees in the EU(Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2014) Ozcurumez, S.; Hoxha, J.Deliberation, as a mode of interaction based on the logic of reason-giving argumentation, is a core feature of the European Union institutions. Yet only few studies have explored the conditions that make deliberation possible in practice. This study examines the institutional determinants of deliberation within joint parliamentary committees (JPCs) – longstanding instruments of EU enlargement policy. The empirical analysis reveals a dynamic relationship between ‘deliberation’ and ‘debate’ as extreme modes of interaction that co-exist within the same setting. It also suggests that deliberation is a product of participants’ constant efforts to maintain equal power relations and low issue-area sensitivity. This study provides new evidence on deliberative politics at the EU level. In addition, it highlights the role of inter-parliamentary deliberation as a catalyst for political co-operation and policy co-ordination, at a time of intensifying enlargement fatigue and growing Euroscepticism both at home and abroad.Item Open Access Effect of international credits on income distributions of developing countries : a panel data analysis(2006) Alus, KorayToday, international credits are among the key ingredients of the growth strategies pursued by the developing countries and the investigation of the relationship between international credits and income distribution is of special importance when the effectiveness of such flows are evaluated. In this study, we examine the effect of international credits, including those disbursed by the World Bank (WB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), on the income distribution in developing countries using data for years 1961-1996 for 63 countries, with maximum of 163 country-year observations and panel data estimation procedure. Our results briefly indicate that the WB loans do not appear to have reduced inequality in the countries in our sample. Comparing the performance of the WB group to that of the IMF, we find that credits originated from the IMF have a significant improving effect on the income distribution; which is stronger in the transition countries. Our results also point out that the presence of high rates of inflation appears to aggravate inequality. Additionally, our findings support the empirical literature that there exists a positive relationship between the level of income and inequality in the early stages of development. Moreover, evidence from our regressions show that economic growth has not got a significant impact on income distribution. Finally, our results show that the inclusion of the governance variables leaves the former results intact, that is improvement in the governance measures has not sufficed to contribute to equality in distribution in the countries examined in this study.Item Open Access Global transformations versus local dynamics in Istanbul(Elsevier, 2000-10) Erkip, F.Istanbul, as the greatest metropolis of Turkey and one of the great cities of the world, has been rapidly transforming in recent years. This paper analyzes various aspects of this transformation to lead to an understanding of an appropriate strategy for metropolitan governance. Recent politicial developments indicate an apparent fragmentation of Istanbul citizens into segments with different expectations and life-styles that make new strategies of governance urgent and vital, yet harder. Istanbul is an arena waiting for the invasion of different citizen groups with different ethnic, religious and communal backgrounds. Although Turkish urban policy has never been welfare-oriented, market and outward orientation has never been so dominant. Policy issues seem to help the articulation with the world economy and to make Istanbul more attractive for foreign capital. Urban politics and government cover only a limited area of urban dynamics in Istanbul. A new approach to governance requires a strategic change in the state of mind of elected municipal officials towards the integration of various communities into governing practices, regardless of their bases of formation. Recent developments give clues about the governance potential in Turkish metropolises. Istanbul, with its urgent problems, may constitute a case study for other cities in Turkey.Item Open Access Policy networks within the Turkish health sector : capacity, institutionalization and impact(2017-09) Hoxha, JulindaPolicy networks refer to platforms that facilitate collaboration among public, private and voluntary actors with the purpose of public policy making. Despite the extensive research done on the issue, not much is known about the applicability of this concept outside the context of advanced democracies. The purpose of this thesis is to assess the theoretical significance and practical effectiveness of three policy networks within the health sector in Turkey – a crucial case study where conditions for network collaboration are least favorable considering its past record of centralized policy making. Content analysis of 24 semi-structured interview transcripts reveals that networks are relevant policy instruments that have an impact on policy making. Integrated networks with a symmetrical structure and trust among participants display high levels of collaborative capacity, which in turn can generate highly innovative policies, particularly in the early phases of policy making. Aggregate networks have an indirect impact on policy making through ‘pockets’ of deliberation. Moreover, networks that serve as channels of interest mediation for already existing webs of actors such as business-based alliances, turn out to be resilient policy instruments that generate concrete outcomes and contribute to overall policy effectiveness. The findings indicate the importance of network institutional embeddedness in the broader political and economic environment—as a critical factor for the persistence as well as effectiveness of collaboration—particularly in those policy settings where networks represent a vulnerable practice of policy making. At the theoretical level, this study suggests the usefulness of incorporating neo-institutionalist approaches to network analysis.Item Open Access The politics of austerity and public policy reform in the EU(Sage Publications Ltd., 2014-04-07) Ladi, S.; Tsarouhas D.The European Union (EU) is at a critical juncture that will either trigger further integration or reinforce a mode of intergovernmental cooperation. The spread of market pressure to a growing number of states demonstrates that the crisis needs to be dealt with at the European and not just the national level. Up to now the 'politics of extreme austerity' has been the mainstream recipe promoted to and adopted by member states. The measures are tougher in those countries where there has been external financial assistance (i.e. Greece, Portugal and Ireland) but the rest of Europe is following suit (e.g. Italy and the UK). This introduction outlines the key directions of EU reforms to put into context the more specific cases discussed elsewhere in this symposium. The strengths and weaknesses of the theoretical frameworks employed in the articles are discussed to demonstrate the lessons that the crisis offers for our well-established public policy models and to highlight avenues for further research. Two main arguments are advanced: first, the crisis calls for an interdisciplinary approach to comprehend its full extent and deal with it efficiently; and second, the current political trajectory of the EU calls for urgent changes to strengthen its cohesion and long-term viability.Item Open Access The state, international competitiveness and neoliberal globalisation: is there a future beyond 'the competition state'?(Cambridge University Press, 2006-01) Fougner, T.This article seeks to contribute to opening up a space of possibility for the state to become something other than a competitive entity in and through a critical (re)problematisation of 'international competitiveness' as a governmental problem. In more specific terms, it inquires into how international competitiveness was constituted as such a problem in the first place; how both the meaning of international competitiveness and the terms of the 'competitiveness problem' have been transformed by globalisation talk and multilateral efforts at neoliberal global governance; and how the discourse of international competitiveness works to (re)produce the state as a competitive entity on a continuous basis.