Browsing by Subject "Goal"

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Bir Trabzonspor efsanesi: Hüseyin Tok
(Bilkent University, 2023) Dönertaş, Mert; Gül, Duru; Kesim, Delfin; Boyar, Göktuğ Mert; Bölükbaşı, Ezgi Sıla
Trabzonspor oldukça köklü tarihiyle futbol camiasında önemli başarılara imza atmış bir takımdır. 1967 yılında kulübü oluşturan İdmanyurdu ve İdmangücü takımları arasındaki rekabetle başlayan Trabzonspor, sürekli gelişme arzusu ile Anadolu takımlarının da İstanbul takımları kadar başarılı olabileceğini gösterdiler. Bu uğurda Türk futboluna kattıkları önemli isimlerden biri de Hüseyin Tok oldu. 1952 yılı Trabzon doğumlu Hüseyin Tok gençliğinde Çarşıbaşıspor kulübünde futbol hayatına ilk adımını attı ve ardından Trabzonspor kulübünde oynamaya başladı. Burada özellikle 1975-1978 yılları arasında art arda şampiyonluklar elde etti. Aynı zamanda bu süreçte beş maç art arda attığı 61. dakika golleriyle kendisine 61 Hüseyin lakabını kazandırdı, efsane oldu. Oyunculuk yıllarından sonra da Trabzonspor adına yönetim pozisyonlarında katkı sağladı.
Open Access
Mixed signals: the effect of conflicting reward and goal-driven biases on selective attention
(Springer New York LLC, 2017) Preciado, D.; Munneke, Jaap; Theeuwes, J.
Attentional selection depends on the interaction between exogenous (stimulus-driven), endogenous (goal-driven), and selection history (experience-driven) factors. While endogenous and exogenous biases have been widely investigated, less is known about their interplay with value-driven attention. The present study investigated the interaction between reward-history and goal-driven biases on perceptual sensitivity (d’) and response time (RT) in a modified cueing paradigm presenting two coloured cues, followed by sinusoidal gratings. Participants responded to the orientation of one of these gratings. In Experiment 1, one cue signalled reward availability but was otherwise task irrelevant. In Experiment 2, the same cue signalled reward, and indicated the target’s most likely location at the opposite side of the display. This design introduced a conflict between reward-driven biases attracting attention and goal-driven biases directing it away. Attentional effects were examined comparing trials in which cue and target appeared at the same versus opposite locations. Two interstimulus interval (ISI) levels were used to probe the time course of attentional effects. Experiment 1 showed performance benefits at the location of the reward-signalling cue and costs at the opposite for both ISIs, indicating value-driven capture. Experiment 2 showed performance benefits only for the long ISI when the target was at the opposite to the reward-associated cue. At the short ISI, only performance costs were observed. These results reveal the time course of these biases, indicating that reward-driven effects influence attention early but can be overcome later by goal-driven control. This suggests that reward-driven biases are integrated as attentional priorities, just as exogenous and endogenous factors. © 2017, The Author(s).
Open Access
What is narrativity?
(Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2024-06-10) Keven, Nazım
In recent years, narrative accounts of the self have gained increasing attention. It is widely accepted that humans are storytelling creatures, that stories shape our self-conception, and that we fail to be agents without a narrative framework. While there is less agreement on what constitutes a narrative, it is generally understood to be more than a chronological listing of life events; it is also an account of the explanatory relationships among these events-a story of how events lead to other events. However, specifying the nature of this explanatory relationship has proven difficult. As critics have pointed out, narrativists often resort to simplistic notions of narrative when faced with criticism. The concept of narrative explanation needs to be elaborated in a way that is both substantive enough to exclude trivial behaviours from being considered narratives and nonrestrictive enough to accommodate ordinary lives that may not be particularly story-like. In this paper, I review existing accounts of narrative explanation and propose a teleological account, according to which narratives consist of goal-directed explanations of a sequence of events. I argue that a teleological account of narrative explanation can be a fruitful way to clarify the concept of "narrative" in the context of the narrative self by addressing the most common objections.