Browsing by Subject "Geography"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4

Open Access
The exon 13 duplication in the BRCA1 gene is a founder mutation present in geographicaly diverse populations
(Cell Press, 2000) Mazoyer, S.; Leary, J.; Kirk, J.; Fleischmann, E.; Wagner, T.; Claes, K.; Messiaen, L.; Foulkes, W.; Desrochers, M.; Simard, J.; Phelan, C. M.; Kwan, E.; Narod, S. A.; Vahteristo, P.; Nevanlinna, H.; Durando, X.; Bignon, Y. J.; Peyrat, J. P.; Bonnardel, C.; Sinilnikova, O. M.; Puget, N.; Lenoir, G. M.; Audoynaud, C.; Goldgar, D.; Maugard, C.; Caux, V.; Gad, S.; Stoppa-Lyonnet, D.; Noguès, C.; Lidereau, R.; Machavoine, C.; Bressac-De Paillerets, B.; Kuschel, B.; Betz, B.; Niederacher, D.; Beckmann, M. W.; Hamann, U.; Ponder, B. A. P.; Robinson, M.; Taylor G. R.; Bishop, T.; Catteau, A.; Solomon, E.; Cohen, B.; Steel, M.; Collins, N.; Stratton, M.; Van Der Looij, M.; Oláh, E.; Miller, N. J.; Barton, D. E.; Sverdlov, R. S.; Friedman, E.; Radice P.; Montagna, M.; Sensi, E.; Caligo, M.; Van Eijk, R.; Devilee, P.; Van Der Luijt, R.; Heimdal, K.; Møller, P.; Borg, Å.; Diez, O.; Cortes, J.; Domenech, M.; Baiget, M.; Osorio, A.; Benítez, J.; Maillet, P.; Sappino, A. P.; Özdag, H.; Özçelik, T.; Ozturk, M.; Rohlfs, E. M.; Boyd, J.; McDermott, D.; Offit, K.; Unger, M.; Nathanson, K.; Weber, B. L.; Sellers, T. A.; Hampton, E.; Couch, F. J.; Neuhausen, S.; Gayther, S. A.
Recently, a 6-kb duplication of exon 13, which creates a frameshift in the coding sequence of the BRCA1 gene, has been described in three unrelated U.S. families of European ancestry and in one Portuguese family. Here, our goal was to estimate the frequency and geographic diversity of carriers of this duplication. To do this, a collaborative screening study was set up that involved 39 institutions from 19 countries and included 3,580 unrelated individuals with a family history of the disease and 934 early-onset breast and/or ovarian cancer cases. A total of 11 additional families carrying this mutation were identified in Australia (1), Belgium (1), Canada (1), Great Britain (6), and the United States (2). Haplotyping showed that they are likely to derive from a common ancestor, possibly of northern British origin. Our results demonstrate that it is strongly advisable, for laboratories carrying out screening either in English-speaking countries or in countries with historical links with Britain, to include within their BRCA1 screening protocols the polymerase chain reaction-based assay described in this report.
Open Access
Three essays on geography and trade
(2024-08) Abdurahimov, Ramiz
Economic activity is unevenly distributed across physical space, influenced by the location, climate, and natural resources of a region. This dissertation contributes to the field of economic geography and quantitative spatial modeling through three essays that address key gaps in the literature. The first chapter examines the impact of local markets for non-tradable inputs on urban land prices. By using disaggregated spatial data and a two-stage estimation approach with market access as an instrumental variable, I find that districts with 1% more housing used by professional businesses have land prices that are 0.59% higher on average. This estimate increases to 1.24% when adjusted for potential endogeneity, and with robustness confirmed through alternative market access definitions. The second chapter estimates trade elasticity for Turkish exports at the product level. Utilizing detailed data on import tariffs and trade flows, I analyze the effects of tariff variations on trade flows. The median trade elasticity estimate is -4.48, with differences observed between homogeneous and differentiated goods, as well as between consumption, capital, and intermediate goods. The calculated Turkish welfare gains from trade are 19.8% using a homogeneous aggregate trade elasticity, increasing to 23.8% with heterogeneous trade elasticities in a multi-sector trade model. The third chapter investigates the effects of Turkey’s large infrastructure development program (2005-2015) on the size dispersion within local industries. Improved infrastructure, measured by travel time savings, decreases size dispersion by enhancing access to potential suppliers. This effect reduces trade costs and allows smaller firms to access cheaper inputs. No evidence of pro-competitive pressure affecting size dispersion was found. Overall, this dissertation advances our understanding of urban economic outcomes, international trade, and domestic trade by addressing significant gaps in economic geography and spatial modeling literature.
Open Access
Toward postcolonial openings: rereading Sir Banister Fletcher's history of architecture
(The MIT Press, 1998-04) Baydar Nalbantoğlu, Gülsüm
Open Access
"Where are they doing politics?" Women's cooperatives as sites of constellations of power
(Routledge, 2021-03-12) Akyüz, Selin; Çınar, K.; Bekaroğlu, E. A.; Osmanbaşoğlu, G. K.
Being more spatially accessible and offering more channels, the active participation of women in local politics is more likely than in national politics. On the other hand, active political engagement in local politics may render women as more marked and may lead to her public credibility being defined through her sexuality. This work analyzes the underrepresentation of women in local politics in Turkey by giving voice to elected women of local elections in 2009. By emphasizing regional differences and local specificities within Turkey, this work scrutinizes the virile structure of local politics and dynamics through 120 in-depth interviews conducted in different parts of Turkey.