Browsing by Subject "Gender Equality"

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    A comparative study of women’s education in Turkmenistan, Turkey, and Azerbaijan: from tradition to modernization
    (Bilkent University, 2025) Rodionova, Angelina; Mammadov, Farrukh; Ibrahimli, Shahin; Ahmed, Zain; Butt, Muhammad Talha
    Starting from the 1920s and onwards education has played a significant role in the lives of women residing in Turkey and the central Asian countries like Türkmenistan and Azerbaijan. With the republican forces in place, the education system in Turkey has experienced significant changes and for the first time, women have started to receive education and have a presence in the workspace. Starting from the 1920s to the 1950s, significant social and pedagogical changes occurred in each country which influenced women’s access to education. Political ideologies, cultural values and national identity have all shaped how we perceive education in the aforementioned countries today. This paper aims to investigate how women’s education has changed with the Soviet and Kemalist powers coming into the regions. Key areas of the research include modernization under Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in Republican Turkey and Soviet-driven educational reforms in Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan. Through the analysis of primary sources – such as interviews — along with secondary research, this paper examines the role of national identity, politics, society and culture in shaping women’s educational experiences.