Browsing by Subject "French Revolution"

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Open Access
Anti-Revolutionary conspiracy theory in the age of the French Revolution : a historical context
(2004) Çakır, Burçin
The thesis deals with those conspiracy theories about the origins of the French Revolution, which were influential in Britain in the period of the French Revolutionary Wars at the end of the eighteenth century. It focuses on the most important writers of such material: Edmund Burke, the British parliamentarian; Augustin Barruel, a French Jesuit writer; and John Robison, a professor of natural science at the University of Edinburgh. The thesis provides a context, chiefly historical, for the reading of their works and seeks to offer reasons for their effectiveness in influencing public opinion in the period. For these purposes, as well as the works themselves, attention is given to conspiracy theory in general, parts of the history of Freemasonry and contemporary thought which gave support to conspiratorial explanations of the Revolution.
Open Access
Heirs of Chinghis Khan in the Age of Revolutions: An Unruly Crimean Prince in the Ottoman Empire and beyond
(Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2017) Kırımlı, H.; Yaycıoǧlu, A.
Focusing on Cengiz Mehmed Geray, an idiosyncratic member of the ruling house of the Crimean Khanate, this article examines how a Crimean Prince became an active participant in the stormy politics of the Ottoman Empire and later of Europe, as a result of his distinguished Chinghisid pedigree, in the age of revolutions. The first section of this article discusses the place of the Geray and Chinghisid lineage within Ottoman imperial politics. The second section focuses on the period following the Gerays' departure from Crimea. It illustrates how members of the family, although scattered throughout the Balkans, operated in the provincial and imperial politics of the Ottoman Empire in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The following section introduces Cengiz Geray and his turbulent life between the Ottoman and Russian Empires, and discusses how he became an actor in a revolutionary age. The last section is a short discussion on Chinghisid charisma in the early modern Europe, Russia and the Ottoman Empire. © 2017 De Gruyter.
Open Access
What’s it got to do with the price of bread? Condorcet and Grouchy on freedom and unreasonable laws in commerce
(SAGE Publications, 2018) Bergès, Sandrine
István Hont identified a point in the history of political thought at which republicanism and commercialism became separated. According to Hont, Emmanuel Sieyès proposed that a monarchical republic should be formed. By contrast the Jacobins, in favour of a republic led by the people, rejected not only Sieyès’s political proposal, but also the economic ideology that went with it. Sieyès was in favour of a commercial republic; the Jacobins were not. This was, according to Hont, a defining moment in the history of political thought. In this article, I offer a different analysis of that particular moment in the history of the commercial republic, one that instead of focusing on Sieyès and the Jacobins, looks at the thought of Girondins philosophers Nicolas de Condorcet and Sophie de Grouchy. I argue that their arguments provide sound models for a commercial republic, reconciling late 18th century republican ideals in which virtue was central, with the need for a flourishing and internationally active market economy.