Browsing by Subject "Field of cultural production"

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Open Access
1950'ler Türkiye'sinde edebiyat dergiciliği : poetikalar ve politikalar
(2007) Uçar, Aslı
This study sought to answer the question of how Turkish literary journalism affected the conditions of literary production and consumption in the 1950s. The first chapter is devoted to the survey of literature and methodological issues. According to the method specified in the first chapter, the second chapter gives comparative analysis of the poetics of five different literary magazines, namely Hisar, Mavi, Pazar Postası, Varlık and Yeditepe published in the 1950s, in order to demonstrate their specific contributions to the protection and tranformation of literary values. Since inter-journalistic relations was one of the main characteristics of the period, the third chapter deals with the relations between the magazines and literary debates on which they focused. Two conceptual frameworks indirectly related to the study of literary magazines—Jürgen Habermas’ and Hannah Arendt’s notion of “public sphere” and Bourdieu’s “field of cultural production”—have been discussed and criticized according to the empirical evidence that has been drawn from the 1950’s literary journalism. In conclusion, it is asserted that inter-journalistic relations in the 1950s—ranging from consensus to conflicts—helped literary magazines to define poetics that enabled them to fuel literary production and consumption.
Open Access
The reshaping of the literary publishing fieldand emergence of the literary translation market between 1850 and 1900
(2015-10) Demirkol, Neslihan
This study reconsiders the modernization of Ottoman literature from the second half of the nineteenth century through the historical lens of literary translations. While it may seem unorthodox to think of translated works as a part of national literature, it may be necessary to re-asses the initiatory role of translation for the Ottoman literature from a new perspective. The discourse of literary history that considers translation as both the indispensable and obligatory result of the process of, and means for, “proper” modernization has been used without any criticism since the 1900s. In addition, despite their contributions, recent research in the field of translation studies, as influenced by cultural studies methodologies, continue to reproduce the same old discourse about the preliminary conditions of literary translations as they are mainly based on these literary histories. However, Ottoman modernization has been scrutinized and reformulated in the fields of history and cultural studies. Following these studies and Pierre Bourdieu’s research methodology on the field of cultural production, I deal with literary translations within the cultural, social and economic context of the era and their reshaping of the literary publishing market. This study argues that, due to the effect of the centralization movement, education textbooks gained importance and became a crucial means of profit and prestige, thus financially supporting the bloom of private printing houses. In addition, the spread and modernization of public education not only caused an increase in the number of readers but also provided a surplus of qualified manpower; in other words, it engendered a new type of translator ready to sell his/her labor for the publishing market. While it is well known that censorship on political activities and publications indirectly paved the way for literary and scientific translation and publishing activities, it also drastically limited the list of pieces to be translated. It seems that censorship together with the tough economic conditions left publisher/printers no choice but to be on good terms with the Ottoman palace so as to survive financially. Moreover, it appears that the palace supported and led the publishing activities more efficiently than what we have believed up until now. In short, this study claims that the literary translations of the last quarter of the nineteenth century were a natural outcome of a modernized printing market and power relations network, rather than a not so much adopted, obligatory phase of modernity.